Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/nožь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *noziti +‎ *-jь, from a Proto-Indo-European *h₁noǵʰ-yos (“plunger, piercer”). Probable cognates include Ancient Greek ἔγχος (énkhos, “spear”),^[1] Ancient Greek νύσσω (nússō, “to prick, nudge”), Attic Ancient Greek νύττω (núttō), and perhaps Old Irish ness (“wound”).^[2] According to Vasmer, comparisons with Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬉𐬰𐬀 (naēza), Latin nectō (“I bind, tie”), and Sanskrit नह्यति (nahyati, “to bind, tie”) are untenable,^[2] implicitly due to being phonetically difficult to justify. According to Trubachyov, cognate with Lithuanian knẽžas (“knife”).^[3] This is unlikely due to the lack of an initial k- in Proto-Slavic.

Noun

*nòžь m^[1]

tool for pricking
knife

Inflection

Declension of *nòžь (soft o-stem, accent paradigm b)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*nòžь	*nožà	*nožì
genitive	*nožà	*nožù	*nòžь
dative	*nožù	*nožèma	*nòžemъ
accusative	*nòžь	*nožà	*nožę̇̀
instrumental	nožь̀mь, nožèmь^*	*nožèma	*nòži
locative	*nožì	*nožù	*nòžixъ
vocative	*nožu	*nožà	*nožì

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

*nožarъ (< nožь + -ěrъ)
*noževъ
- *noževьnikъ
- *noževъka
*nožica / *nožici / *nožicь (?)
*nožikъ
*nožišče
*nožiťь
*nožьkъ
*nožьnъ
- *nožьna, *nožьnja, *nožьně, *nožьny
  - *nožьnica, *nožьnici, *nožьnicě
- *nožьnikъ

Related terms

*vъnьziti (“to plunge, thrust”)
*vъnьznǫti (“to drive into”)
*vъnьzti
*vъnoziti (“to thrust”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: ножь (nožĭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: ножъ (nož), ножь (nožʹ) — archaic spelling
    - Belarusian: нож (nož)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: нуж (nuž)
    - Ukrainian: ніж (niž)
  - Russian: нож (nož)
  - → Latvian: nazis
- Old Novgorodian: ножь (nožĭ)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: ножь (nožĭ)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⱀⱁⰶⱐ (nožĭ)
  - Bulgarian: нож (nož)
  - Macedonian: нож (nož)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: но̑ж
  
  Latin script: nȏž
- Slovene: nȍž (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: nóž
  - Czech: nůž
- Polabian: nüz
- Polish: nóż
- Old Slovak: nôž, núž, *nož
  - Pannonian Rusyn: нож (nož)
  - Slovak: nôž
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: nóż
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: nož
  - Lower Sorbian: nož

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*nòžь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 358
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “нож”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
^ Trubachyov, Oleg et al., editors (1963, 1974–2021), “*nožь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka

[EDSIL-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*nòžь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 358

[Vasmer-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “нож”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

[3] Trubachyov, Oleg et al., editors (1963, 1974–2021), “*nožь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka

[1]

[2]

[3]