Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/opakъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions

*opako

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *apōˀkas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo-h₃kʷ-os, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó. Cognates with Lithuanian apuokas, English awk (whence awkward), German äbich, Sanskrit अपाञ्च् (apāñc).

Related to Old Polish wspak, whence Polish wspak and Ukrainian вспак (vspak).

Adverb

*ȍpakъ^[1]

backwards, reverse, opposite turned around, the other way round, inverse

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: опако (opako), опакꙑ (opaky)
  - Old Ruthenian: опакъ (opak), опаки (opaki)
    - Ukrainian: о́пак (ópak)
    - ⇒ Ukrainian: навпаки́ (navpaký) (plus на (na))
  - Russian: о́пак (ópak) (dialectal)
- Old Novgorodian: опакꙑ (opaky)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: опакꙑ (opaky)
  - Bulgarian: о́пак (ópak)
  - Macedonian: опак (opak), опако (opako)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: о̏па̄к, о̏па̄ко
  
  Latin script: ȍpāk, ȍpāko
- Slovene: ȏpak (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Czech: opak
- Polabian: våpăk
- Old Polish: opak
  - Polish: opak (archaic)
  - Silesian: ôpak
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: òpak
  - Slovincian: wôpak
- Old Slovak: opak
  - Slovak: opak
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: hopak
  - Upper Sorbian: wopak

References

^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “opak”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 391

[1] Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “opak”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 391

[1]