Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pьrvъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

**Proto-Slavic numbers ^(edit)**
	10
	1	2 →	10 →
Cardinal: edinъ Ordinal: pьrvъ Adverbial: edino šьdy, edьnojьťi Multiplier: edinakъ Collective: edьnojь

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pírˀwas, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂wós.^[1]

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian pi̇̀rmas (“first; primary”), Latvian pìrmaĩs, Old Prussian pirmas (“first”).

Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit पूर्व (pū́rva, “foremost, first, previous”), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬬𐬀 (paurva), 𐬞𐬀𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬫𐬀 (pao^uruya), 𐬞𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬭𐬫𐬀 (paoirya, “first”), Old Persian [Term?] (/⁠paruva-⁠/), Albanian parë (“first”), Tocharian A pärwat, Tocharian B parwe, Old English forwost (“first, (ring)leader”).

Adjective

*pь̀rvъ^[1]^[2]^[3]

first

Declension

Indefinite declension of *pьrvъ (hard)
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*pьrvъ	*pьrva	*pьrvo
genitive	*pьrva	*pьrvy	*pьrva
dative	*pьrvu	*pьrvě	*pьrvu
accusative	*pьrvъ	*pьrvǫ	*pьrvo
instrumental	*pьrvomь	*pьrvojǫ	*pьrvomь
locative	*pьrvě	*pьrvě	*pьrvě
vocative	*pьrve	*pьrvo	*pьrvo
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*pьrva	*pьrvě	*pьrvě
genitive	*pьrvu	*pьrvu	*pьrvu
dative	*pьrvoma	*pьrvama	*pьrvoma
accusative	*pьrva	*pьrvě	*pьrvě
instrumental	*pьrvoma	*pьrvama	*pьrvoma
locative	*pьrvu	*pьrvu	*pьrvu
vocative	*pьrva	*pьrvě	*pьrvě
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*pьrvi	*pьrvy	*pьrva
genitive	*pьrvъ	*pьrvъ	*pьrvъ
dative	*pьrvomъ	*pьrvamъ	*pьrvomъ
accusative	*pьrvy	*pьrvy	*pьrva
instrumental	*pьrvy	*pьrvami	*pьrvy
locative	*pьrvěxъ	*pьrvaxъ	*pьrvěxъ
vocative	*pьrvi	*pьrvy	*pьrva

Definite declension of *pьrvъ (hard)
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*pьrvъjь	*pьrvaja	*pьrvoje
genitive	*pьrvajego	*pьrvyję̇	*pьrvajego
dative	*pьrvujemu	*pьrvěji	*pьrvujemu
accusative	*pьrvъjь	*pьrvǫjǫ	*pьrvoje
instrumental	*pьrvyjimь	*pьrvǫjǫ	*pьrvyjimь
locative	*pьrvějemь	*pьrvěji	*pьrvějemь
vocative	*pьrvъjь	*pьrvaja	*pьrvoje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*pьrvaja	*pьrvěji	*pьrvěji
genitive	*pьrvuju	*pьrvuju	*pьrvuju
dative	*pьrvyjima	*pьrvyjima	*pьrvyjima
accusative	*pьrvaja	*pьrvěji	*pьrvěji
instrumental	*pьrvyjima	*pьrvyjima	*pьrvyjima
locative	*pьrvuju	*pьrvuju	*pьrvuju
vocative	*pьrvaja	*pьrvěji	*pьrvěji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*pьrviji	*pьrvyję̇	*pьrvaja
genitive	*pьrvъjixъ	*pьrvъjixъ	*pьrvъjixъ
dative	*pьrvyjimъ	*pьrvyjimъ	*pьrvyjimъ
accusative	*pьrvyję̇	*pьrvyję̇	*pьrvaja
instrumental	*pьrvyjimi	*pьrvyjimi	*pьrvyjimi
locative	*pьrvyjixъ	*pьrvyjixъ	*pьrvyjixъ
vocative	*pьrviji	*pьrvyję̇	*pьrvaja

Derived terms

*pь̀rvľьňь
- Bulgarian: пръ́вня f (prǎ́vnja) — dialectal
- Czech: první^[4]

Related terms

adverb

*topьrvo

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: пьрвъ (pĭrvŭ), пь́рвꙑи (pĭ́rvyi), пе́рвꙑи (pérvyi)
  - Old Ruthenian: пе́рвый (pérvyj)
    - Belarusian: пе́рвы (pjérvy)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: пе́рвый (pérvŷj)
    - Ukrainian: пе́рвий (pérvyj)
  - Russian: пе́рвый (pérvyj), перво́й (pervój) — archaic, obsolete
    - → Kildin Sami: пе̄рвэ (pierve)
    - → Yakut: пиэрибэй (pieribey)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: прьвъ (prĭvŭ)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⱐⰲⱏ (prĭvŭ)
  - Bulgarian: пъ́рви (pǎ́rvi), пръ́в (prǎ́v)
  - Macedonian: прв (prv)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: пр̑вӣ
  
  Latin script: pȓvī
  - → Istro-Romanian: prvi
- Slovene: pȓvi (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: prvý
  - Czech: prvý
- Old Polish: pierwy
  - ⇒ Polish: (with addition of the comparative ending -szy) pierwszy, pierwy, pirwszy, najpierwszy, najpirwszy, napierwszy, napirwszy, pierszy, najpierszy, najpirszy, napierszy, napir (Middle Polish), piersy (Near Masovian), pirszy (Middle Polish, Przemyśl)
    - → Belarusian: пе́ршы (pjéršy)
    - → Ukrainian: пе́рший (péršyj)
  - Silesian: piyrszy
- Old Slovak: prvý, prvší, pervší
  - Pannonian Rusyn: перши (perši)
  - Slovak: prvý
- Polabian: parĕ
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: piérwi
  - Slovincian: pjêrszy
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: pjerwy
  - Lower Sorbian: pjerwy

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pьrvъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430: “num. o ‘first’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “pьrvъ pьrva pьrvo”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (NA 138); a (PR 133) first”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “pȓvi”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *pь̋rvъ, *pь̋rvъjь”
^ Illich-Svitych, V. M. (1963—2012) “Чешское první «первый» — инновация или архаизм?”, in Этимология 1963, Moscow, pages 81–84

[EDSIL-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pьrvъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430: “num. o ‘first’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001) “pьrvъ pьrva pьrvo”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (NA 138); a (PR 133) first”

[3] Snoj, Marko (2016) “pȓvi”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *pь̋rvъ, *pь̋rvъjь”

[4] Illich-Svitych, V. M. (1963—2012) “Чешское první «первый» — инновация или архаизм?”, in Этимология 1963, Moscow, pages 81–84

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