Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pikati
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
Snoj tentatively derives it from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pey- (“to pierce”)[1], whence Albanian pickoj (“to sting, to pinch”), Sanskrit स्फ्य (sphya, “spike, pointy tool”).
Onomatopoeic origin or perhaps borrowing are also possible. Compare Proto-Germanic *pikkōną (“to peck”), French piquer (“to sting”).
Verb
*pìkati impf (perfective *pìknǫti)[1]
Conjugation
Conjugation of *pikati, *pika, *pikajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *pikanьje | *pikati | *pikatъ | *pikalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *pikanъ | *pikajemъ |
| Active | *pikavъ | *pikaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *pikaxъ | *pika | *pika | *pikajǫ | *pikaješi | *pikajetь |
| Dual | *pikaxově | *pikasta | *pikaste | *pikajevě | *pikajeta | *pikajete |
| Plural | *pikaxomъ | *pikaste | *pikašę | *pikajemъ | *pikajete | *pikajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *pikaaxъ | *pikaaše | *pikaaše | — | *pikaji | *pikaji |
| Dual | *pikaaxově | *pikaašeta | *pikaašete | *pikajivě | *pikajita | — |
| Plural | *pikaaxomъ | *pikaašete | *pikaaxǫ | *pikajimъ | *pikajite | — |
Related terms
- *pikъ
- ⇒ *pičiti
- (possibly) *pьčati
Descendants
- South Slavic:
- Macedonian: пика (pika)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: пи̏кати
- Latin script: pȉkati
- Slovene: pīkati (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: píkati
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Snoj, Marko (2016) “pikati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *pi̋kati”
Further reading
- Jiří Rejzek (2007) “pikat”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda, page 466
- Matasović, Ranko (2021) “pikati”, in Dubravka Ivšić Majić, Tijmen Pronk, editors, Etimološki rječnik hrvatskoga jezika [Etymological dictionary of the Croatian language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes II: O—Ž, Zagreb: Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje, page 123
- Skok, Petar (1971–1974) “pikati”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 1–4 (A – Ž), Zagreb: JAZU, page 655
Etymology 2
Onomatopoeic, from imitative root *pī- + *-kati.
Antiquity uncertain.
Verb
*pìkati impf
Conjugation
Conjugation of *pikati, *pika, *pikajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *pikanьje | *pikati | *pikatъ | *pikalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *pikanъ | *pikajemъ |
| Active | *pikavъ | *pikaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *pikaxъ | *pika | *pika | *pikajǫ | *pikaješi | *pikajetь |
| Dual | *pikaxově | *pikasta | *pikaste | *pikajevě | *pikajeta | *pikajete |
| Plural | *pikaxomъ | *pikaste | *pikašę | *pikajemъ | *pikajete | *pikajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *pikaaxъ | *pikaaše | *pikaaše | — | *pikaji | *pikaji |
| Dual | *pikaaxově | *pikaašeta | *pikaašete | *pikajivě | *pikajita | — |
| Plural | *pikaaxomъ | *pikaašete | *pikaaxǫ | *pikajimъ | *pikajite | — |
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: пі́каць (píkacʹ)
- Russian: пи́кать (píkatʹ)
- Ukrainian: пі́кати (píkaty)
- ⇒ Ukrainian: пікоти́ти (pikotýty)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: пи́кам (píkam), пипи́кам (pipíkam) (dialectal)
- West Slavic:
- Polish: pikać
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: pikaś
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “пикать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “pikać”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 435
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “пікати”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka