Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rǫko(j)ętь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions

*rǫko(v)ętь (with other prosthetic sound)

Etymology

From *rǫkà (“hand”) +‎ *-o- +‎ *ęti (“to take”) +‎ *-ь.

Noun

*rǫko(j)ętь f

handle, hilt

Declension

Declension of *rǫko(j)ętь (i-stem)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rǫko(j)ętь	*rǫko(j)ęti	*rǫko(j)ęti
genitive	*rǫko(j)ęti	rǫko(j)ętьju, rǫko(j)ęťu^*	rǫko(j)ętьjь, rǫko(j)ęti^*
dative	*rǫko(j)ęti	*rǫko(j)ętьma	*rǫko(j)ętьmъ
accusative	*rǫko(j)ętь	*rǫko(j)ęti	*rǫko(j)ęti
instrumental	rǫko(j)ętьjǫ, rǫko(j)ęťǫ^*	*rǫko(j)ętьma	*rǫko(j)ętьmi
locative	*rǫko(j)ęti	rǫko(j)ętьju, rǫko(j)ęťu^*	*rǫko(j)ętьxъ
vocative	*rǫko(j)ęti	*rǫko(j)ęti	*rǫko(j)ęti

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: рѫкоѩть (rǫkojętĭ), рѫковѧть (rǫkovętĭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: рукоѧ́ть (rukojátʹ)
    - Belarusian: рукая́ць (rukajácʹ)
    - Ukrainian: рукоя́ть (rukojátʹ)
  - Russian: рукоя́ть (rukojátʹ)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Glagolitic script: ⱃⱘⰽⱁⰲⱔⱅⱐ (rǫkovętĭ), ⱃⱘⰽⱁⱗⱅⱐ (rǫkojętĭ)
  
  Old Cyrillic script: рѫковѧть (rǫkovętĭ), рѫкоѩть (rǫkojętĭ)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ру̏кове̄т; ру̏кове̄д (dialectal)
  
  Latin script: rȕkovēt; rȕkovēd (dialectal)
- Slovene: rokovę̑t (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: rukovět
  - Czech: rukojeť; rukověť (archaic)
- Old Polish: rękojeść
  - Polish: rękojeść
    - → Old Ruthenian: ренкоє́сть (renkojéstʹ), рукоє́сть (rukojéstʹ), рукоѧ́сть (rukojástʹ)
- Old Slovak: rukoväť, rukoveť, rukovať
  - Slovak: rukoväť
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: rukwać (dialectal)

From *rǫko(j)ętъka / *rǫko(v)ętъka:

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: рукая́тка (rukajátka), рукавя́тка (rukavjátka), рукава́тка (rukavátka), рукава́дка (rukavádka) (dialectal)
- Carpathian Rusyn: рукоя́тка (rukojátka)
- Ukrainian: рукоя́тка (rukojátka), руков'я́тка (rukovʺjátka) (dialectal)
- Middle Russian: рукоѧ́тка (rukojátka), руковѧ́тка (rukovjátka)
  - Russian: рукоя́тка (rukojátka), руковя́тка (rukovjátka) (dialectal)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  - Bulgarian: ръкова́дка (rǎkovádka)
  - Macedonian: раковатка (rakovatka); ракојатка (rakojatka) (dialectal)
West Slavic:
- Czech: rukojítka, rukovítka
- Old Slovak: rukoviatka
  - Slovak: rukoviatka