Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stuga

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Per Skok, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg-, a g-extension of *(s)tew- (“to pound, to strike”).

In Czech, Slovak, there is attested stuha (“ribbon”), which Vasmer derives from unrelated Proto-Slavic *sъtǫga (“knot, splice”) whence Old East Slavic сътуга (sŭtuga), Russian стуга (stuga, “conjoint”).

Noun

*stuga f

  1. cavity, crack, hollow structure
  2. (perhaps) small land depression, groove → mire (in dialectal East Slavic)

Declension

Declension of *stuga (hard a-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *stuga *studzě *stugy
genitive *stugy *stugu *stugъ
dative *studzě *stugama *stugamъ
accusative *stugǫ *studzě *stugy
instrumental *stugojǫ, *stugǫ** *stugama *stugami
locative *studzě *stugu *stugasъ, *stugaxъ*
vocative *stugo *studzě *stugy

* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

See also

  • *stukъ (“knock”)
  • *stygnǫti (“to stiffen, to freeze”)

Descendants

  • East Slavic:
    • ⇒ Old East Slavic: Сту́гна (Stúgna, “Stuhna river”) (hydronym)
    • >? Ukrainian: сту́га (stúha, “mire, peat swamp”) (dialectal)
  • South Slavic:
    • ⇒ Bulgarian: сту́глица (stúglica, “node in a tree”) (dialectal)
    • Serbo-Croatian: (obsolete, historical)
      Cyrillic script: сту̏га (“type of hollow container”)
      Latin script: stȕga, strùglina (“wooden trough”) (dialectal)

Further reading

  • Todorov, T. A., Racheva, M., editors (2010), “стуглица”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 516
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “стуга”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “стуга²”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 456
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