Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/turъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

PIE word
*táwros

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *taurás, from Proto-Indo-European *táwros.

Cognate with Lithuanian taũras, Latvian tàurs, Old Prussian tauris, Ancient Greek ταῦρος (taûros), Latin taurus, Proto-Celtic *tarwos, Proto-Germanic *steuraz.

Noun

*tȗrъ m^[1]^[2]

aurochs (Bos primigenius)

Declension

Declension of *tȗrъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tȗrъ	*tȗra	*tȗri
genitive	*tȗra	*turù	*tũrъ
dative	*tȗru	*turomà	*turòmъ
accusative	*tȗrъ	*tȗra	*tȗry
instrumental	tȗrъmь, tȗromь^*	*turomà	*turý
locative	*tȗrě	*turù	*turě̃xъ
vocative	*ture	*tȗra	*tȗri

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

nouns

*turę n (“baby aurochs”)
*turica f (“female aurochs”)
*tuřьcь m (diminutive)

adjectives

*turьjь (“pertaining to aurochs”)
*tuřь (“pertaining to aurochs”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: туръ (turŭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: туръ (tur)
    - Belarusian: тур (tur)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: тур (tur)
    - Ukrainian: тур (tur)
  - Russian: тур (tur)
- Old Novgorodian: *туре (*ture)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: тоуръ (turŭ)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⱅⱆⱃⱏ (turŭ)
  - Bulgarian: тур (tur)
  - Macedonian: тур (tur)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ту̑р
  
  Latin script: tȗr
- Slovene: tȗr (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Kashubian: tur (rare)
- Old Czech: tur
  - Czech: tur
- Old Polish: tur
  - Polish: tur
- Polabian: täur
- Slovak: tur
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: tur
  - Upper Sorbian: tur

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*tȗrъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 500: “m. o (c) ‘aurochs’”
^ Klotz, Emanuel (2017) “*tawru «turъ»”, in Urslawisches Wörterbuch [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in German), 1st edition, Wien: Facultas, →ISBN, page 215: “m. (o) С oder D ‘Ur, Aurochs’”

Vasmer, Max (1973) “тур”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 4 (Т – Ящур), Moscow: Progress, page 122
Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “тур”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 677: “псл. *turъ ― psl. *tur”
Tsykhun, G. A., editor (2017), “тур”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 14 (трапкі́ – тэ́чка), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 239: “прасл. *turъ”
Preobrazhensky, A. G. (1949) “тур”, in Obnorsky, S. P., editor, Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 3 (Т – Я), Moscow, Leningrad: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, page 18

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*tȗrъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 500: “m. o (c) ‘aurochs’”

[2] Klotz, Emanuel (2017) “*tawru «turъ»”, in Urslawisches Wörterbuch [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in German), 1st edition, Wien: Facultas, →ISBN, page 215: “m. (o) С oder D ‘Ur, Aurochs’”

[1]

[2]