Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vapьno

Formed as *vapъ (“dye”) +‎ *-ьno; beyond that, of uncertain origin. Supposed to be related to Latvian vãpe (“glaze”), Old Prussian woapis (“dye”). Other similar lemmas in Indo-European languages, with no certain relation, include Latin vapor (“steam”), Albanian vapë (“hot weather”).

The verb вапсати (vapsati, “to paint”), which has spread among some daughter languages via Church Slavonic, is generally disregarded as a potential relative. The later is derived from the aorist of Ancient Greek βάπτω (báptō, “to soak, to dye”).

*vapьnò or *vápьno n^[1]

1. lime (as material for dyes)

   Synonyms: *varъ, *bagrъ

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: вапьно (vapĭno)
    • Old Ruthenian: вапно (vapno)
      • Belarusian: вапна (vapna)
      • Ukrainian: ва́пно (vápno)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: *вапьно (*vapĭno)
    • ⇒ Old Church Slavonic: ⱂⱁⰲⰰⱂⱐⱀⰵⱀⱁⰿⱏ (povapĭnenomŭ)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ва́пно

    Latin script: vápno

  • Slovene: ápno (from older jápno, vapno)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: vápno
    • Czech: vápno
  • Old Polish: wapno
    • Polish: wapno
  • Slovak: vápno
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: vapno

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “вапно”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “вапсам, вапсвам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 118