Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/volga

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wálˀgāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *wolg-eh₂, from *welg- (“moist; wet”). Cognate with Albanian lagë (“moisture”), Latvian pa-val̃ga, Lithuanian pa-valgà, Old Prussian welgen, Proto-Germanic *wulkaną.

Noun

*vòlga f^[1]^[2]^[3]

moisture

Inflection

Declension of *vòlga (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*vòlga	*vòldzě	*vòlgy
genitive	*vòlgy	*vòlgu	*vòlgъ
dative	*vòldzě	*vòlgama	*vòlgamъ
accusative	*vòlgǫ	*vòldzě	*vòlgy
instrumental	vòlgojǫ, vòlgǭ^**	*vòlgama	*vòlgamī
locative	*vòldzě	*vòlgu	vòlgasъ, vòlgaxъ^*
vocative	*vòlgo	*vòldzě	*vòlgy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

*volžiti
*obolžiti

Related terms

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: волога (vologa)
  - Old Ruthenian: воло́га (volóha)
    - Belarusian: вало́га (valóha), (dialectal) валіга (valiha)
    - Ukrainian: воло́га (volóha)
  - Russian: (dialectal) воло́га (vológa)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: влага (vlaga)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⰲⰾⰰⰳⰰ (vlaga)
  - → Old East Slavic: влага (vlaga)
    - Old Ruthenian: вла́га (vláha)
    - Russian: вла́га (vlága)
- Bulgarian: вла́га (vlága)
- Macedonian: влага (vlaga)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: вла̏га
  
  Latin script: vlȁga
- Slovene: vlága (tonal orthography)
- → Aromanian: vlagã
- → Romanian: vlagă
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: vláha
  - Czech: vláha
    - Bohemian (Chod dialect): vláha
- Slovak: vlaha
- Pannonian Rusyn: влага (vlaha)
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: włoha

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*vòlga”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 524: “f. ā (a) ‘moisture, liquid food’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “volga”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (PR 132)”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “vlága”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *vőlga”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*vòlga”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 524: “f. ā (a) ‘moisture, liquid food’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001) “volga”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (PR 132)”

[3] Snoj, Marko (2016) “vlága”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *vőlga”

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