Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xrьbьtъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Equivalent to the 0-grade of *xribъ (“hill”) +‎ *-ьtъ, likely from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreybʰ- (“to scrape, to tear”). Akin to Lithuanian skriẽbti (“to rub, to scrub”), Proto-Germanic *hrībaną (“to scratch”), Proto-Italic *skreiβō (“to scribe”).

ESSJa draws comparison with Proto-Slavic *skrebti (“to scrape”) (from Proto-Indo-European *skreb-), suggesting that *xrьbьtъ and its cognates represent expressive enlargement ("экспрессивное преобразование" in Trubachyev's own words) of the former root.

Noun

*xrьbьtъ m^[1]

back, spine
Synonym: *gъrbъ
ridge
Synonyms: *xridъ, *bьrdo

Alternative forms

*xribьtъ
dial. *xribьcь

Declension

Declension of *xrьbь̀tъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*xrьbь̀tъ	*xrьbьtà	*xrьbьtì
genitive	*xrьbьtà	*xrьbьtù	*xrьbь̀tъ
dative	*xrьbьtù	*xrьbьtòma	*xrьbьtòmъ
accusative	*xrьbь̀tъ	*xrьbьtà	*xrьbьtỳ
instrumental	xrьbьtъ̀mь, xrьbьtòmь^*	*xrьbьtòma	*xrьbь̀ty
locative	*xrьbьtě̀	*xrьbьtù	*xrьbь̀těxъ
vocative	*xrьbьte	*xrьbьtà	*xrьbьtì

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Related terms

*uščьrbъ (“damage, defect”)
*skъrbь (“starch, sorrow”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: хрыбе́т (xrybjét)
- Russian: хребе́т (xrebét)
- Carpathian Rusyn: хырбет (xŷrbet)
- Ukrainian: хребе́т (xrebét)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: хрьбьтъ (xrĭbĭtŭ)
  - Bulgarian: хръбе́т (hrǎbét)
- Macedonian: ’рбет (’rbet)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: хр̏бат
  
  Latin script: hȑbat
- Slovene: hrbet
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: chřbet
  - Czech: hřbet
- Kashubian: chrzëbt, chrzebiet, krzebt
- Old Polish: chrzbiet, chrzebiet, chrzebt, chrzybiet, grzebiet, grzebt, krzebiet, krzebt
  - Polish: grzbiet, chrzybiet (Near Masovian, Far Masovian), chrzybiec (Kociewie, Malbork)
  - Silesian: rzbiet
- Old Slovak: cherbet, chrbát, chrbet, *chribet
  - Pannonian Rusyn: хрибет (xribet)
  - Slovak: chrbát
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: chribjet
  - Lower Sorbian: kśebjat

References

^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “xrьbьtъ”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b ryg, rygrad (PR 134)”

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “хребе́т”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xribьtъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 96
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xrьbьtъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 107

[1] Olander, Thomas (2001) “xrьbьtъ”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b ryg, rygrad (PR 134)”

[1]