Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/ʒȫr

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

**Proto-Tungusic numbers ^(edit)**
	20
← 1	2	3 →
Cardinal: ʒȫr Distributive: ʒȫtel

Alternative reconstructions

*ʒūr, *ʒȫwer

Etymology

Benzing proposes an earlier *ʒīgüer, which is from *ʒī (“two”) + *güer (plural of the suffix *-guan that is used in numerals).

Janhunen derives it from *ʒȫ +‎ *-r (“plural suffix”).

If the *ʒī (“two”) is the earliest and original form, then there is no doubt it is related with Pre-Proto-Mongolic word *ǰir, which is preserved in *ǰirguxan.

Numeral

*ʒȫr

two

Descendants

Jurchenic:
- Jurchen: 拙 (juwe /⁠jue⁠/), dʒo (Jurchen script: , Image: )
  - Manchu: ᠵᡠᠸᡝ (juwe)
- Kyakala: 㣿 (zhuo)
Tungusic:
- Northern Tungusic:
  - Even: дюр (ʒur), дӫ̄р (ʒȫr) (Ola Dialect in Magadan)
  - Evenki: дю̄р (ʒūr)
  - Negidal: ӡӯл (ʒūl)
  - Oroqen: dʒu:r
  - Solon: juur
- Southern Tungusic:
  - Central:
    - Oroch: дю (ǯū)
    - Udihe: ʒӯ (zū) (Northern Dialect)
  - South-Eastern:
    - Nanai: дюэр (ʒuer)
    - Orok: дө (dö), ду (du)
    - Ulch: дюэл

References

Benzing, Johannes (1955) Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse; 11) (in German), Wiesbaden: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, page 101
Vovin, Alexander, Janhunen, Juha, de la Fuente, José Andrés Alonso (2023) The Tungusic Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), Abingdon: Routledge, page 52
Cincius, V. I. (1975) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Leningrad: Nauka, pages 276-277
Kane, Daniel (1989) The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 362.