Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/tima

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Etymology

All descendants show a derivation *timari, *timana and *timanī.

Compare also *tirga- (“to dawn”).

Noun

*tima

morning

Declension

Declension of *tima

	Singular
Nominative	*tima
Accusative	*timaba
Genitive	*timaŋī
Dative	*timadua
Locative	*timalā
Ablative	*timadiki
Prolative	*timali
Elative	*timagiʒi
Instrumental	*timaʒi
Delative	*timalāki
Directive	*timatiki
Comitative	*timagili

Adverb

*tima

in the morning
tomorrow

Descendants

Jurchenic:
- Jurchen: 替麻里 (cimari /⁠ti-ma-li⁠/)
  - Manchu: ᠴᡳᠮᠠᡵᡳ (cimari)
Tungusic:
- Northern Tungusic:
  - Even: тимана (timana)
  - Evenki: тымани (timaņi), тыматиэ (timatiə)
  - Negidal: темана (temana), теманан (temanan), теманна (temanna), тимана (timana), тематна (tematna)
  - Oroqen: tɪma:na (“tomorrow”)
  - Solon: timāši
- Southern Tungusic:
  - Central:
    - Oroch: тимаки (timaki), тиман (timan)
    - Udihe: тиманаӈи (timanaŋi, “tomorrow”), тимадула (timadula, “in the morning”)
  - South-Eastern:
    - Nanai: чимана (čimana)
    - Orok: чимай (čimaj), чиманани (čimanani)
    - Ulch: ти̇май (tịmai), ти̇ми̇ (tịmị)

References

Benzing, Johannes (1955) Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse; 11) (in German), Wiesbaden: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, pages 31, 95
Cincius, V. I. (1977) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Leningrad: Nauka, pages 181-182
Kane, Daniel (1989) The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 188.