Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/abïčga

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Uncertain. However over the years multiple theories have risen:

Clauson suggests a derivation *abïč (“an obscure root”) +‎ *-ga.
Nishanyan suggets a derivation *apa (“elderly male relative”) +‎ *-ča (“diminutive suffix”), however note that the suffix was borrowed from Persians at a later date.

Noun

*abïčga

an elderly relative; husband, old man, foster-mother, elder sister, uncle etc.

Declension

Declension of *abïčga (Common Turkic)
	singular	plural ²⁾
nominative	*abïčga	*abïčgalar
accusative
genitive	*abïčganïŋ	*abïčgalarnïŋ
dative	*abïčgaka	*abïčgalarka
locative	*abïčgada	*abïčgalarda
ablative	*abïčgadan	*abïčgalardan
instrumental ¹⁾		*abïčgalarïn
equative ¹⁾	*abïčgača	*abïčgalarča

¹⁾ The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
²⁾ This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur

Chuvash: упӑшка (up̬ăška)

Common Turkic

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz
- Proto-Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish:
    - Ottoman Turkish: عموجه, عمجه (ʼamca), عمیجه (ʼamıca)
      - Turkish: amca
      - → Albanian: axhë
      - → Armenian: ամուճա (amuča)
      - → Bulgarian: аму́джа (amúdža)
      - → Laz: ემუჯა (emuca), ემიჯე (emice) — Jigetore, ემიჯა (emica) — Lome
      - → Serbo-Croatian: а̀миџа / àmidža
      - ⇒ Turkish: Abuşka, abuş
Kipchak-Karluk (classification disputed)
- Altai
  - Southern Altai: абышка (abïška)
- Kipchak–Bulgar
  - Volga Turki
    - Bashkir: абышҡа (abışqa)
- Kipchak–Nogai
  - Kyrgyz: абышка (abışka)
Old Turkic
- Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰 (ʾʾβycqʾ /⁠avïčġa⁠/, “old man”)
  ⇒ Old Uyghur: 阿卜失哈 (ʔa.puwk.syit.ngop /⁠abušġa, abïšŋa⁠/, “old woman, mother”)
South Siberian Turkic (classification disputed)
- Sayan
  - Tuvan: ашак (aşak)

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 6
Clauson, Gerard (2002) “The Suffixes in Pre-Eighth Century Turkish”, in Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics, 2nd edition, London: RoutledgeCurzon, →ISBN, pages 87-88
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “amca”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Nauka, pages 60-61
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Abuč-ka”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill