Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/agsak

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *agsa- (“to hobble, limp”) +‎ *-k.

Adjective

*agsak

lame

Declension

Declension of *agsak
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*agsak
accusative	agsakïg, agsaknï¹⁾
genitive	*agsaknïŋ
dative	*agsakka
locative	*agsakda
ablative	*agsakdan
allative	*agsakgaru
instrumental ²⁾	*agsakïn
equative ²⁾	*agsakča
similative ²⁾	*agsaklayu
comitative ²⁾	*agsaklïgu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: уксах (uksah)
Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish:
    - Azerbaijani: axsaq
    - Ottoman Turkish: آغساق (aksak)
      - Turkish: aksak
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: agsak
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: اَخْساقْ (axsāq)
  - Uyghur: ئاخساق (axsaq), ئاسقاق (asqaq)
  - Uzbek: oqsoq
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: аҡһаҡ (aqhaq)
  - Tatar: аксак (aqsaq)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: aqsaq
  - Karachay-Balkar: акъсакъ (aqsaq)
  - Kumyk: акъсакъ (aqsaq)
- South Kipchak:
  - Karakalpak: [script needed] (suwıq)
  - Kazakh: ақсақ (aqsaq)
- East Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: аксак (aksak)
  - Southern Altai: аксак (aksak)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic:
  - Old Uyghur: ʾʾqsʾq (aɣsaq/aqsaq/axsaq)

References

al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
Clauson, Gerard (1972) “axsa:k”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 95
Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, page 76
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “aksak”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 9
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*agsa-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill