Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/alp

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *alba (“compulsion, forcing; service, duty”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?) Also transcribed as 合 (hé), 賀臘 / 贺腊 (hèlà) in Chinese sources.

Nişanyan suggests this word is derived from the root al- (to beat, to take) and -Ip suffix. The suffix -Ip is used in several words like çöp, turp, sarp and top.

Noun

*alp

Derived terms

*alp-a-gut
*alp-ïk-
*alp-ïra-

Descendants

Hunnic:
- →? Ancient Greek: ’Αλπισουρ (’Alpisour, “a clan of Huns”)^[1]
Oghur:
- Volga Bulgar: آلِبْ (alıp)
  - Chuvash: улӑп (ulăp), улпут (ulp̬ut)
Proto-Common Turkic: *alp
- Proto-Oghuz: *alp
  - West Oghuz:
    - Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (alp)
      Azerbaijani: alp
      
      Ottoman Turkish: آلپ (alp)
      Turkish: alp
- Karluk:
  - Karakhanid: اَلْپ (alp), اَلْپَغُت (alpaɣut)
    - Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (alp)
      Chagatai: [script needed] (alp)
      Uzbek: alp
      
      Uyghur: ئالپ (alp), ئالپاۋۇت (alpawut)
- Kipchak:
  - Kipchak: الپوت (alpawıt)
    - North Kipchak:
      Bashkir: [script needed] (alpawıt), [script needed] (alpamışa)
      
      Tatar: алып (alıp), алпауыт (alpawıt)
    - West Kipchak:
      Karaim: алп (alp), [script needed] (alpawut)
    - South Kipchak:
      Kazakh: алып (alyp), алпауыт (alpauyt, “strength, power”)
      
      Karakalpak: alp, albıra-
    - East Kipchak:
      Kyrgyz: алп (alp)
      
      Southern Altai: алып (alïp)
- Siberian Turkic:
  - Old Turkic: 𐰞𐰯 (l¹p /⁠alp⁠/), 𐰞𐰯𐰍𐰆 (l¹pǧu /⁠alpağu⁠/)
  - Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽼 (alp), 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽳𐾀 (alpaɣut)
  - North Siberian Turkic:
    - Yakut: алып (alıp)
  - South Siberian Turkic:
    - Tuvan: албыг (albıg, “to pant, stifle”)
    - Shor: алып (alıp)
    - Khakas: алып (alıp), албых (albıx)

References

^ Gedikli, Yusuf (2021), “Hun Boy Adları”, in Avrupa Hunları ve Avrupa Hun Türkçesi, Ötüken Yayınları, page: 190-193

Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ălp”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “alp”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

[1] Gedikli, Yusuf (2021), “Hun Boy Adları”, in Avrupa Hunları ve Avrupa Hun Türkçesi, Ötüken Yayınları, page: 190-193

[1]