Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/köŋül

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

*köŋ́ül (per Räsänen)

Etymology

Unknown. Several possibilities include:

Sevortjan derives from *köŋ- +‎ *-ül. The verb stem is reflected in dialectal Turkish güvmek (“to lean on; be patient”).
Scherbak proposes a derivation from *kȫŋ.
According to Nişanyan and Kononov, might be from *kökü- ~ *köke-, which itself is the source of *köküŕ (“breast”).

Noun

*köŋül

(idiomatic) heart
Synonym: *yürek
(Siberian) mood, desire

Derived terms

*köŋlek (“shirt”)

Declension

Declension of *köŋül
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*köŋül
accusative	köŋülüg, köŋülni¹⁾
genitive	*köŋülnüŋ
dative	*köŋülke
locative	*köŋülte
ablative	*köŋülten
allative	*köŋülgerü
instrumental ²⁾	*köŋülün
equative ²⁾	*köŋülče
similative ²⁾	*köŋülleyü
comitative ²⁾	*köŋüllügü

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: кӑмӑл (kămăl)
Proto-Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj: qânat
Oghuz:
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish:
    - Azerbaijani: könül
    - Gagauz: gön
    - Ottoman Turkish: گوڭل (göñül)
      - Turkish: gönül
- East Oghuz:
  - Salar: göñni
  - Turkmen: köňül, göwün
Kipchak:
- North Kicphak:
  - Bashkir: күңел (küñel)
  - Tatar: күңел (küñel)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: göñül, köñül
  - Kumyk: кёнгюл (köñül)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Karakalpak: könül
    - Kazakh: көңіл (köñıl)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: көңүл (köŋül)
    - Southern Altai: кӱӱн (küün)
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: کُنْکُلْ (/⁠köŋül⁠/)
  - Chagatai: کونکول (köŋül)
    - Uyghur: كۆڭۈل (kö'ngül)
    - Uzbek: koʻngil
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰇𐰭𐰠 (küŋl² /⁠könül⁠/)
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: көҥүл (köñül)
  - Yakut: көҥүл (köñül)
- Southe Siberian:
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tofa: һӧӧл (hööl, “desire”)
    - Tuvan: хөөн (xöön, “desire”)
  - Yenisei Turkic:
    - Chulym: кӧңнӱ (köñnü)
    - Khakas: кӧӧл (kööl)
    - Shor: кӧңнӱ (köñnü)

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “köŋül”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 731
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 291
Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 274
Sevortjan, E. V. (1980) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Nauka, pages 75-77
Gülensoy, Tuncer (2007) “Proto-Turkic/köŋül”, in Türkiye Türkcesindeki Türkçe Sözcüklerin Köken Bilgisi Sözlüğü (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, pages 382-383