Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kumlak

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction

Considering its limited geographical distribution and likely foreign origin, probably not reconstructable to Proto-Turkic proper.

Many languages show secondary sound changes (epenthesis, metathesis or assimilation) which may be irregular, but attested in other words.

Etymology

Most likely from Iranian or Germanic ultimately, see Ossetian хуымӕллӕг (x°ymællæg) and Old Norse humli respectively.

Some sources defend the possibility of native Turkic origin, but the evidence is weak.

Noun

*kumlak

  1. hop (plant)

Declension

Declension of *kumlak
singular 3)
nominative *kumlak
accusative *kumlakïg, *kumlaknï1)
genitive *kumlaknïŋ
dative *kumlakka
locative *kumlakda
ablative *kumlakdan
allative *kumlakgaru
instrumental 2) *kumlakïn
equative 2) *kumlakča
similative 2) *kumlaklayu
comitative 2) *kumlaklïgu
1) Originally used only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

  • Oghur:
    • Proto-Bulgar:
      • Volga Bulgar:
        • Chuvash: хӑмла (hămla)
        • → Mari:
          • Eastern Mari: умла (umla)
          • Western Mari: ымыла (ymyla)
        • → Mordvin:
          • Erzya: комля (komľa)
          • Moksha: комля (komlä)
    • → Hungarian: komló, homló
    • →? Proto-Slavic: *xъmelь
  • Common Turkic:
  • Medieval:
    • Karakhanid: قُمْلاقْ (qumlaq)
  • Kipchak:
    • North Kipchak:
    • South Kipchak:
  • Siberian:
    • Yenisei Turkic:
      • Khakas: хумнах (xumnax)
      • Shor: қымнақ, қубанақ

Further reading

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