Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/mak

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction notes

This reconstruction relies on rather thin evidence: the Old Turkic word occurs only once in the entire known corpus, and its correct reading remains problematic, as does the cognate in Karakhanid. An alternative view holds that the descendants in the contemporary Siberian languages are back-formations from *makta-, which, in turn, is a Mongolic loan according to this view. For the latter speaks the fact that /*m-/ is a rare, possibly even a completely absent onset in Proto-Turkic.[1][2][3]

Radloff posited a derivation of *makta- from *mak-la-, through manner-assimilation of /-l/ by /-k/.[4] Sanžejev held that most derivations are indeed from Mongolic *maɣta, but that it is itself from Turkic *mak as attested in Old Turkic[5] The descendants section below treats the Mongolic forms as Turkic borrowings, but bear in mind that there could be three alternatives:

  • Turkic *mak → Turkic *makta → Mongolic *maɣta (as per Radloff, reflected in the descendants section)
  • Turkic *mak → Mongolic *maɣta → Turkic *makta (as per Sanžejev)
  • Mongolic *maɣta → Turkic *makta → Turkic *mak (back-formation hypothesis)

Noun

*mak

  1. praise

Declension

Declension of *mak
singular 3)
nominative *mak
accusative *makïg, *maknï1)
genitive *maknïŋ
dative *makka
locative *makda
ablative *makdan
allative *makgaru
instrumental 2) *makïn
equative 2) *makča
similative 2) *maklayu
comitative 2) *maklïgu
1) Originally used only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Derived terms

  • *makta-

Descendants

  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: 𐽹𐽰𐽲𐾄𐽳𐾀 𐽹𐽰𐽲𐾄 (mʾq̈wt mʾq̈ /⁠maḳutmaḳ⁠/)[6]
      • Chagatai: ماق (maq)
  • Kipchak:
    • Southern Altai: мак (mak) (Altai, Teleut)
  • Siberian Turkic:
    • Old Turkic: 𐰢𐰍 (mǧ /⁠maġ⁠/)[7]
    • South Siberian Turkic:
      • Northern Altai: пак (pak) (Kumandyn-Kizhi)
      • Khakas: мах (max)
  • ⇒ Proto-Turkic: *makta-
    • →? Proto-Mongolic: *maɣta
      • Classical Mongolian: ᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ (maɣtaqu)
      • Mongolian: магтах (magtax)
      • → Manchu: [script needed] (maktandumbi)
      • → Nanai: мактаори (maktaori, “to praise”)
    • Oghur:
      • Chuvash: мухта (muhta)
  • Oghuz:
    • ⇒ Azerbaijani: maxtanmaq (if not from Kumyk)
    • Ottoman Turkish: مقتمق (maktamak) (hapax legomenon)
      • Turkish: (dialectal) mahtamak
    • Turkmen: magtamak
  • Karluk:
    • Chagatai: ماقتامق (maqtamaq)
      • Uzbek: maqtamoq
      • Uyghur: ماختاماق (maxtamaq), ماختاش (maxtash)
  • Kipchak:
    • Kipchak-Bulgar:
    • Kipchak-Cuman:
      • Kipchak: mahtarmen (Codex Cumanicus)
      • Crimean Tatar: maqtamaq
      • Karachay-Balkar: махтаргъа (maxtarğa)
      • Kumyk: макътамакъ (maqtamaq)
    • Kipchak-Nogai:
      • Karakalpak: мақтаў
      • Kazakh: мақтау (maqtau)
      • Nogai: мактав (maktav)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Southern Altai: макта (makta), мақта (Teleut)
      • Kyrgyz: макта (makta)
  • Siberian Turkic:
    • North Siberian Turkic:
      • ⇒ Yakut: махтан (maqtan, “to thank”)
        • → Evenki: макта (makta)[8]
    • South Siberian Turkic:
      • Khakas: махтирға (maxtirğa)
      • Tofa: маӄтаар
      • Northern Altai: пактыярга (paktïyarga) (Kumandyn-Kizhi)

References

  1. ^ Levitskaja, L. S., Blagova, G. F., Dybo, A. V., Nasilov, D. M., Pocelujevskij, Je. A. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume VII, Moscow: Vostočnaja literatura, pages 12-14
  2. ^ Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, page 1087
  3. ^ Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 321
  4. ^ Radloff, Friedrich Wilhelm (1911) Опыт словаря тюркских наречий – Versuch eines Wörterbuches der Türk-Dialecte [Attempt at a Lexicon of the Turkic Dialects], volume IV (overall work in German and Russian), Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 1997
  5. ^ Sanžejev, G. D., Orlovskaja, M. N., Ševernina, Z. V. (2016) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ mongolʹskix jazykov: v 3 t. [Etymological dictionary of Mongolic languages: in 3 vols.] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 156
  6. ^ Vámbéry, Hermann (1870) Uigurische Sprachmonumente und das Kudatku Bilig (in German), Innsbruck, page 228
  7. ^ Nadeljajev, V. M.; Nasilov, D. M.; Tenišev, E. R.; Ščerbak, A. M., editors (1969), Drevnetjurkskij slovarʹ [Dictionary of Old Turkic] (in Russian), Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, Nauka, page 335
  8. ^ Cincius, V. I. (1975) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Leningrad: Nauka, page 523
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.