Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/sag

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

According to Poppe, Proto-Mongolic *sayïn (“good”) is from an earlier form *sagï̄n and related to this Turkic stem. However, a derivation from Proto-Turkic *sā- (“to know, count”) has also been proposed for Mongolic.

Adjective

*sag

healthy

Declension

Declension of *sag
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*sag
accusative	sagïg, sagnï¹⁾
genitive	*sagnïŋ
dative	*sagka
locative	*sagda
ablative	*sagdan
allative	*saggaru
instrumental ²⁾	*sagïn
equative ²⁾	*sagča
similative ²⁾	*saglayu
comitative ²⁾	*saglïgu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Derived terms

*saglïk (“health”)

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: сывӑ (syvă)
Common Turkic:
- Arghu:
  - Khalaj: sâğ
- Oghuz:
  - West Oghuz:
    - Old Anatolian Turkish:
      Azerbaijani: sağ
      → Talysh: sağ
      
      Ottoman Turkish: صاغ (sağ)
      Gagauz: saa
      Turkish: sağ
      → Arabic: صاغ (ṣāḡ)
      → Armenian: սաղ (saġ)
      → Central Kurdish: ساغ (saẍ)
      → Georgian: საღი (saɣi)
  - East Oghuz:
    - Turkmen: sag
- Karluk:
  - Karakhanid: ساغْ (sağ)
    - Uyghur: ساق (saq)
    - Uzbek: sogʻ
- Kipchak:
  - North Kipchak:
    - Bashkir: һау (haw)
    - Tatar: сау (saw)
  - West Kipchak:
    - Crimean Tatar: sağ
    - Karachay-Balkar: сау (sau)
    - Kumyk: сав (saw)
  - South Kipchak:
    - Karakalpak: saw
    - Kazakh: сау (sau)
    - Nogai: сав (sav)
  - East Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: соо (soo)
    - Southern Altai: су (su)
- Siberian:
  - Old Turkic: 𐰽𐰍 (s¹ǧ /⁠saɣ⁠⁠/)
    - Yenisei Turkic:
      Northern Altai: саг (sag)

References

al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume 3, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 154
Doerfer, Gerhard (1963) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 16)‎^[1] (in German), volume I, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 372
Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)‎^[2] (in German), volume III, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, pages 334-335
Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 803
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*sag”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[3], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill