Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tōz

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Nişanyan suggests the probability of an earlier hypothetical *tobuz or *tobuŕ (see *topur), however, he reiterates that it is uncertain. ^[1]. Kononov suggests a derivation with the suffix *-z^[2]

Uncertain relation with Proto-Mongolic *toxusun (“dust”):

Gombocz connects this word with Proto-Mongolic *toxusun (“dust”) and with *toprak.
Ligeti suggests a connection through a common ancestral language, however, the Altaic hypothesis is now widely discredited.
Nişanyan also connects this word with Mongolian Proto-Mongolic *toxusun (“dust”), which he suggests is a borrowing from Turkic. ^[1]

Noun

*tōz (Common Turkic)

dust
powder

Declension

Declension of *tōz (Common Turkic)
	singular	plural ²⁾
nominative	*tōz	*tōzlar
accusative
genitive	*tōznïŋ	*tōzlarnïŋ
dative	*tōzka	*tōzlarka
locative	*tōzda	*tōzlarda
ablative	*tōzdan	*tōzlardan
instrumental ¹⁾		*tōzlarïn
equative ¹⁾	*tōzča	*tōzlarča

¹⁾ The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
²⁾ This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Derived terms

*tōzan, *tōzïn

Descendants

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: طُوزْ (doz, dōz)
  - Azerbaijani: toz
  - Gagauz: tooz, toz
  - Ottoman Turkish: توز
    - Turkish: toz
    - → Armenian: թոզ (tʻoz)
    - → Cypriot Greek: ττοζιν (ttozin)
      - → Cypriot Arabic: ttozz
    - → Romanian: tos
- Turkmen: tōz
Kipchak:
- South Kipchak:
  - Kazakh: тоз (toz)
- Kyrgyz–Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: тоз (toz)
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: تُوزْ
  - Chagatai: توز (tuz)
    - Uyghur: توز (toz)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰆𐰔 (toz)
  - Western Yugur: tos
- South Siberian
  - Northern Altai: тоос (toos)
→? Proto-Mongolic: *toxusun ^[1]
- Mongolian: тоос (toos), ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ (toɣusu)
- → Tuvan: доозун (doozun)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “toz”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
^ Kononov, Andrei (1980) Grammatika yazyka tyurkskikh runicheskikh pamyatnikov (VII-IX vv.) [Grammar of the language of Turkic runic monuments of VII-IX centuries] (in Russian), page 92 .

Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*tōŕ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Clauson, Gerard (1972) “to:z”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 570-571
Doerfer, Gerhard (1963–1975) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission)‎^[1] (in German), Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 1127
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “toz”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 99a

[Nişanyan-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “toz”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

[2] Kononov, Andrei (1980) Grammatika yazyka tyurkskikh runicheskikh pamyatnikov (VII-IX vv.) [Grammar of the language of Turkic runic monuments of VII-IX centuries] (in Russian), page 92 .

[1]

[2]