Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/temür

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*temür

iron (metal)

Declension

Declension of *temür
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*temür
accusative	temürüg, temürni¹⁾
genitive	*temürnüŋ
dative	*temürke
locative	*temürte
ablative	*temürten
allative	*temürgerü
instrumental ²⁾	*temürün
equative ²⁾	*temürče
similative ²⁾	*temürleyü
comitative ²⁾	*temürlügü

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Derived terms

*temür-či (“blacksmith”)

Descendants

Oghur:
- ⇒ Volga Bulgar: تمرج
  - Chuvash: тимӗр (timĕr)
Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj: təmir
Proto-Oghuz: *demir, *demür
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish:
    - Azerbaijani: dəmir
    - Ottoman Turkish: دمیر (demir)
      - Turkish: demir
      - Gagauz: demir
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: demir
  - Salar: dimur, demir
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (temür)
  - Chagatai: تیمور (temür), تمور (tömür)
    - → Classical Persian: تَمُر (tamur)
    - Uzbek: temir
    - Uyghur: تۆمۈر (tömür)
    - → Urdu: تیمور (temūr)
Kipchak: تمور (tämür)
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: тимер (timer)
  - Tatar: тимер (timer)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: temir, demir
  - Kumyk: темир (temir)
  - Karachay-Balkar: темир (temir)
  - Karaim: темир
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Karakalpak: temir
    - Kazakh: темір (temır)
    - Nogai: темир (temir)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: темир (temir)
    - Southern Altai: темир (temir)
Siberian:
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tämir)
  - Western Yugur: temïr
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: тимир (timir)
  - Dolgan: тимир
- Sayan Turkic:
  - Tofa: дэмир (demir)
  - Tuvan: демир (demir)
- Yenisei Turkic:
  - Khakas: тимір (timìr)
  - Shor: темир (temir), тебир (tebir)
  - Northern Altai: темир (temir), тебир (tebir)
Serbi–Mongolic:
- → Proto-Mongolic: *temür (“iron”)
  - Mongolian: төмөр (tömör, “iron”)
- → Khitan: 𘮾𘮒 (*? úr, “iron”)

References

[1]


stone: *tāĺ	iron: *temür	silver: *kümüĺ
gold: *altūn	copper: *bakïr	chalk or earth: *bōr
coal: *kömür	salt: *tūŕ	lead: *korguĺčïn