Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/toŋ-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

According to Wilkens, borrowed from Middle Chinese 凍 (tuwng, tuwngH, “to freeze; ice, cold”).‌[1] Compared by Altaicists to Proto-Mongolic *daxara- (“to freeze”) and Proto-Tungusic *doŋota (“cold, frost”) (Evenki доӈото (doŋoto)); Räsänen compares Finnish tankea, from Proto-Finno-Permic *taŋketa. However, the Altaic hypothesis is widely discredited and these words likely aren't related by inheritance but an early interaction in ancient times.

Verb

*toŋ-

  1. (intransitive) to freeze

Descendants

  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: тӗн (tĕn)
  • Proto-Common Turkic:
  • Oghuz:
  • Kipchak:
    • Kipchak-Bulgar:
    • Kipchak-Cuman:
      • Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (ṭoŋ-)
      • Kipchak: toꝯ (Codex Cumanicus)
    • Kipchak-Nogai:
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  • Karluk:
  • Siberian Turkic:
    • Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽹𐽰𐽲 (twnkmʾq /⁠toŋ-⁠/)
    • North Siberian Turkic:
    • South Siberian Turkic:
      • Sayan:
        • Tuvan: доңар (doñar)
      • Yenisei:
        • Khakas: тоорға (toorğa)

Further reading

  1. ^ Wilkens, Jens (2021) “toŋ-”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 731
  • Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “donmak”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “toŋ-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 515
  • Nadeljajev, V. M.; Nasilov, D. M.; Tenišev, E. R.; Ščerbak, A. M., editors (1969), “TOŊ (I), TOŊ-”, in Drevnetjurkskij slovarʹ [Dictionary of Old Turkic] (in Russian), Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, Nauka, page 575
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) “toŋ”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 488
  • Sevortjan, E. V. (1980) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Nauka, pages 266-267
  • Tietze, Andreas (2009) “don-”, in Tarihi ve Etimolojik Türkiye Türkçesi Lügati [Historical and Etymological Dictionary of Turkish] (in Turkish), volume II, Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, page 465
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