Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yǖk

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

*yük (per Tenišev, Gülensoy)

Etymology

From *yǖ- (“to load, carry”) +‎ *-k, whence *yǖd- (“to load, carry”).

Noun

*yǖk

load

Declension

Declension of *yǖk
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*yǖk
accusative	yǖküg, yǖkni¹⁾
genitive	*yǖknüŋ
dative	*yǖkke
locative	*yǖkde
ablative	*yǖkden
allative	*yǖkgerü
instrumental ²⁾	*yǖkün
equative ²⁾	*yǖkče
similative ²⁾	*yǖkleyü
comitative ²⁾	*yǖklügü

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Derived terms

*yükle-
*yükse-
*yüksük

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: ҫӑк (śăk)
Proto-Common Turkic:
- ⇒ Proto-Mongolic: *ǰöxe- (“to carry, transport”)
  - ⇒ Proto-Tungusic: *ʒugū- (“to carry, transport”)^[1]^[2] (see there for further descendants)

Oghuz:
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish: یوك (yük), ْیُك (yük)
    - Azerbaijani: yük
      - ⇒ Tabasaran: юк (juk)
    - Gagauz: ük
    - Ottoman Turkish: یوك (yük), یوڭ (yüñ), یون (yün)
      - Turkish: yük
      - → North Levantine Arabic: يوك (yūk)
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: ýük
Kipchak:
- North Kicphak:
  - Bashkir: йөк (yök)
  - Tatar: йөк (yök)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: yük
  - Karachay-Balkar: джюк (cük)
  - Kumyk: юк (yuk)
- South Kipchak:
  - Karakalpak: жүк
  - Kazakh: жүк (jük)
  - Nogai: юк (yuk)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: жүк (jük)
  - Southern Altai: јӱк (ǰük)
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: يُكْ (/⁠yük⁠/)
  - Chagatai: یوك (yük)
    - Uyghur: يۈك (yük)
    - Uzbek: yuk
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰘𐰝 (y²k̥ /⁠yük⁠/)
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: сүк (sük)
- Southe Siberian:
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tofa: чүък (čü`k)
    - Tuvan: чүък (çǜk)
  - Yenisei Turkic:
    - Khakas: чӱк (çük)
    - Northern Altai: чӱк (čük)
    - Shor: чӱк (çük)

References

^ Rozycki, William Vincent (1994) Mongol Elements in Manchu (Uralic and Altaic series; 157), Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, page 175
^ Doerfer, Gerhard (1985) Mongolo-Tungusica (in German), Wiesbaden: O. Harrassowitz, page 24

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yü:k”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page yü:k of 910-911
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 212
Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, pages 519-520
Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, pages 262-263
Doerfer, Gerhard (1975) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 21)‎^[1] (in German), volume IV, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, pages 224-225
Gülensoy, Tuncer (2007) “Proto-Turkic/yǖk”, in Türkiye Türkcesindeki Türkçe Sözcüklerin Köken Bilgisi Sözlüğü (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1188

[1] Rozycki, William Vincent (1994) Mongol Elements in Manchu (Uralic and Altaic series; 157), Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, page 175

[2] Doerfer, Gerhard (1985) Mongolo-Tungusica (in German), Wiesbaden: O. Harrassowitz, page 24

[1]

[2]