Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yeŋe

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Doefer compares this word to Evenki не̄не̄ (ņēņē, “mother”) and ненекэ̄ (ņeņekə̄, “old woman, granny”). However, he also states that such comparisons are often hardly acceptable evidence.

Noun

*yeŋe

elder brother's wife

Declension

Declension of *yeŋe
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*yeŋe
accusative	yeŋeg, yeŋeni¹⁾
genitive	*yeŋeniŋ
dative	*yeŋeke
locative	*yeŋede
ablative	*yeŋeden
allative	*yeŋegerü
instrumental ²⁾	*yeŋen
equative ²⁾	*yeŋeče
similative ²⁾	*yeŋeleyü
comitative ²⁾	*yeŋeligü

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Common Turkic:
- Oghuz
  - West Oghuz:
    - Old Anatolian Turkish:
      Azerbaijani: yengə
      
      Gagauz: yängä
      
      Ottoman Turkish: ینكه (yenge)
      Turkish: yenge
  - East Oghuz:
    - Turkmen: ýeňňe
- Karluk:
  - Karakhanid: يَککْا (yeŋge)
    - Chagatai: ينگا (yeñge)
      Uyghur: يەڭگە (yengge)
      
      Uzbek: yanga
- Kipchak:
  - North Kipchak:
    - Bashkir: еңгә (yeñgə)
    - Tatar: жиңгә (jiñgä)
  - West Kipchak:
    - Crimean Tatar: yeñge
  - South Kipchak:
    - Karakalpak: jeñge
    - Kazakh: жеңге (jeñge)
  - East Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: жеңе (jeŋe)
    - Southern Altai: јеҥе (ǰeŋe)
- Siberian:
  - Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽷𐽰 (yʾnkkʾ /⁠yäŋgä⁠/)
  - North Siberian:
    - Dolgan: һаҥас (hañas)
    - Yakut: саҥас (sañas)
  - South Siberian:
    - Sayan Turkic:
      Tuvan: чеңге (çeñge)
    - Yenisei Turkic:
      Khakas: ниге (nige)

References

al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume III, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 380
Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yenge”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 950
Doerfer, Gerhard (1975) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 21)‎^[1] (in German), volume 4, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, pages 206-297
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, pages 197-198
Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, pages 189-190
Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 313
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*yeŋe”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[2], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill