Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yeŋil

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

*yéŋil
*yéŋik ~ *yeŋik

Etymology

Uncertain. Earliest record Karakhanid یَنِكْ (yenig), from Karakhanid يَنٖيماكْ (yeni:me:k, “to become lightweight (after woman gave birth)”).^[1].

Adjective

*yeŋil

light (not heavy)
Antonym: *(y)agïr

Synonym: *yüŋül

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: ҫӑмӑл (śămăl, “easy”)
- → Hungarian: gyenge (“weak”)
Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj: [script needed] (yingil)
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: یینی (yeyni), یكنی (yegni), یكول (yeŋül), یكلی (yeŋli), اکیل (iŋil)
  - Azerbaijani: yeyin (“fast, quickly”)
    - → Khalaj: yeyin (“fast, quickly”)
  - Gagauz: ilin
  - Ottoman Turkish: یگنی (yeğni), (Classical) یینی (yeyni), (Early Ottoman) یكول (yeñül)
    - Turkish: yeğni, (dialectal) yenli, (dialectal) yeğnik, (dialectal) yenlik, (dialectal) yenil, (dialectal) yeyni
- Turkmen: yeňil
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: یَنِك (yenig)
  - Chagatai: [script needed] (yéŋil)
    - Uyghur: يەڭگىل (yenggil)
    - Uzbek: yengil
Kipchak:
- Cuman-Kipchak:
  - Kipchak: jeꝯil (Codex Cumanicus)
  - Crimean Tatar: yengil
  - Karachay-Balkar: зенгил (zeñil)
  - Karaim: [script needed] (yenil), [script needed] (yeŋil)
  - Kumyk: енгил (yeñil)
- Kipchak-Nogai:
  - Karakalpak: [script needed] (žeŋil)
  - Kazakh: жеңіл (jeñıl)
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: еңел (yeñel)
  - Tatar: җиңел (ciñel)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: жеңил (jeŋil)
  - Southern Altai: јеҥил (ǰeŋil)
Siberian
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yeŋik)
  - Western Yugur: žig
- South Siberian:
  - Yeniseian Turkic:
    - Khakas: ниик (niik)
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tofa: [script needed] (niŋeš)
    - Tuvan: чииҝ
  - Northern Altai: дьенъил (dʹyenʺil), ньенъил (nʹyenʺil), йенънек (yenʺnek)

References

^ al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume III, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, pages 91-92

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yéŋil”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 950
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jeŋgü-l, jeŋi-k”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

[1] -Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume III, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, pages 91-92

[1]