Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/frafal(i)

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly from *fra- (“fully”) +‎ *fali (“evil, cruel”), or alternatively from *fra- +‎ *afl (“strength, power”) +‎ *-ī.[1]

Adjective

*frafal(i)

  1. impudent, bold, defiant

Inflection

a-stem
Singular Masculine
Nominative *frafal
Genitive *frafalas
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *frafal *frafalu *frafal
Accusative *frafalanā *frafalā *frafal
Genitive *frafalas *frafaleʀā *frafalas
Dative *frafalumē *frafaleʀē *frafalumē
Instrumental *frafalu *frafaleʀu *frafalu
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *frafalē *frafalō *frafalu
Accusative *frafalā *frafalā *frafalu
Genitive *frafaleʀō *frafaleʀō *frafaleʀō
Dative *frafalēm, *frafalum *frafalēm, *frafalum *frafalēm, *frafalum
Instrumental *frafalēm, *frafalum *frafalēm, *frafalum *frafalēm, *frafalum
ja-stem
Singular Masculine
Nominative *frafali
Genitive *frafalljas
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *frafali *frafallju *frafali
Accusative *frafalljanā *frafalljā *frafali
Genitive *frafalljas *frafalljeʀā *frafalljas
Dative *frafalljumē *frafalljeʀē *frafalljumē
Instrumental *frafallju *frafalljeʀu *frafallju
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *frafalljē *frafalljō *frafallju
Accusative *frafalljā *frafalljā *frafallju
Genitive *frafalljeʀō *frafalljeʀō *frafalljeʀō
Dative *frafalljēm, *frafalljum *frafalljēm, *frafalljum *frafalljēm, *frafalljum
Instrumental *frafalljēm, *frafalljum *frafalljēm, *frafalljum *frafalljēm, *frafalljum

Alternative reconstructions

  • *frafalu, *frafl(ī)[1]

Derived terms

  • *frafalārī
  • *frafalēn
  • *frafalī
    • Old Saxon: *fravalī
      • Middle Low German: vrevele, vrevel
    • Old High German: frafalī, frafalīn, frafilī, fravalī
  • *frafalīg
    • Old Saxon: *fravalīg
      • Middle Low German: frevelig, vrēvelich
    • Old Dutch: *fravalig
    • ⇒ Old High German: frafalīgo, fravalīgo (adverb)
  • *frafalihaidu
  • *frafalilīk
    • Old Saxon: *fravillīk
      • Middle Low German: frevellich, frevelich
    • Old High German: frafallīh, fravallīh
      • Middle High German: vrevellich
  • *frafalilīkō
  • *frafalimōd
  • *frafalidādi
  • *frafalō
  • *frafalu

Descendants

  • Old English: fræfel, fræfele, fræfeli, *frefel, frævol
    • >? Scots: frewall
  • Old Frisian: frevel
  • Old Saxon: frabol, fravol
    • Middle Low German: vrêvel, vrevel, frêvel, wrevel, vreffel
  • Old Dutch: *fravali[1]
    • Middle Dutch: vrevel
      • Dutch: wrevel (see there for further descendants)
  • Old High German: frafali, fravali
    • Middle High German: vrevel, vrävel, vrevele, vrabel, vrebel
      • German: frevel, frebels
  • → Medieval Latin: frafalius, farfalius (“empty, trifling, worthless, frivolous”)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “wrevel”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎[1] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press: “onl. *fravali”
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