Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gram(i)

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gramaz.

Adjective

*gram(i)

  1. angry, hostile

Inflection

a-stem
Singular Masculine
Nominative *gram
Genitive *gramas
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *gram *gramu *gram
Accusative *gramanā *gramā *gram
Genitive *gramas *grameʀā *gramas
Dative *gramumē *grameʀē *gramumē
Instrumental *gramu *grameʀu *gramu
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *gramē *gramō *gramu
Accusative *gramā *gramā *gramu
Genitive *grameʀō *grameʀō *grameʀō
Dative *gramēm, *gramum *gramēm, *gramum *gramēm, *gramum
Instrumental *gramēm, *gramum *gramēm, *gramum *gramēm, *gramum
ja-stem
Singular Masculine
Nominative *grami
Genitive *grammjas
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *grami *grammju *grami
Accusative *grammjanā *grammjā *grami
Genitive *grammjas *grammjeʀā *grammjas
Dative *grammjumē *grammjeʀē *grammjumē
Instrumental *grammju *grammjeʀu *grammju
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *grammjē *grammjō *grammju
Accusative *grammjā *grammjā *grammju
Genitive *grammjeʀō *grammjeʀō *grammjeʀō
Dative *grammjēm, *grammjum *grammjēm, *grammjum *grammjēm, *grammjum
Instrumental *grammjēm, *grammjum *grammjēm, *grammjum *grammjēm, *grammjum

Descendants

  • Old English: gram
    • Middle English: gram
  • Old Saxon: gram
    • Middle Low German: gram
  • Old Dutch: *gram
  • Old High German: gremi, gram
  • Old French: graim
    • Old French: graigne
      • Old French: graignier, greignier
        • Old Northern French: chagreiner, chagraigner
        • Old French: grigner
  • ? Italian: gramo