Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hail

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *hailaz.

Adjective

*hail^[1]

healthy, sound
whole

Inflection

a-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*hail
Genitive	*hailas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*hail	*hailu	*hail
Accusative	*hailanā	*hailā	*hail
Genitive	*hailas	*haileʀā	*hailas
Dative	*hailumē	*haileʀē	*hailumē
Instrumental	*hailu	*haileʀu	*hailu
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*hailē	*hailō	*hailu
Accusative	*hailā	*hailā	*hailu
Genitive	*haileʀō	*haileʀō	*haileʀō
Dative	hailēm, hailum	hailēm, hailum	hailēm, hailum
Instrumental	hailēm, hailum	hailēm, hailum	hailēm, hailum

Derived terms

Descendants

Old English: hāl, hǣl
- Middle English: hole
  - English: hole (see there for further descendants)
  - Scots: hole
  - Yola: hullès (plural)
- Northern Middle English: hal
  - Geordie English: hyel
  - Scots: hale
Old Frisian: hēl
- Saterland Frisian: heel
- West Frisian: hiel
Old Saxon: hēl
- Middle Low German: hêl, heil
  - Low German: heel, heil
Old Dutch: *hēl, heil
- Middle Dutch: hêel
  - Dutch: heel
    - Afrikaans: heel
Old High German: heil
- Middle High German: heil
  - German: eil, heil

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *hailaz.

Noun

*hail n

omen, portent

Inflection

z-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*hail
Genitive	*hailiʀi
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*hail	*hailiʀu
Accusative	*hail	*hailiʀu
Genitive	*hailiʀi	*hailiʀō
Dative	*hailiʀi	*hailiʀum
Instrumental	*hailiʀi	*hailiʀum

Descendants

Old English: hǣl
Old Saxon: hēl
- Middle Low German: heil
Old Dutch: *heil
- Middle Dutch: heil
  - Dutch: heil
    - Afrikaans: heil
Old High German: heil
- Middle High German: heil
  - German: Heil

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 129: “PWGmc *hail”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 129: “PWGmc *hail”

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