Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/himil
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
Uncertain; possibly:
- from Proto-Germanic *himinaz with nasal dissimilation,[1] perhaps under the influence of *sōwul ~ *sunnā (“sun”),[2]
- from an older heteroclitic l/n-stem alongside Proto-Germanic *himinaz,[3]
- cognate with Proto-Germanic *himinaz derived from a separate suffix.[4]
Assuming a nasal dissimilation of Proto-Germanic *hemnaz to *hebnaz, doublet with *hebun.[5]
Noun
*himil m[6]
Inflection
| Masculine a-stem | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | ||
| Nominative | *himil | |
| Genitive | *himilas | |
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *himil | *himilō, *himilōs |
| Accusative | *himil | *himilā |
| Genitive | *himilas | *himilō |
| Dative | *himilē | *himilum |
| Instrumental | *himilu | *himilum |
Derived terms
- *himilittjan
- ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *himiliti
Descendants
- Old Frisian: himel, himul
- Old Saxon: himil
- Old Dutch: himil
- Old High German: himil
Further reading
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hemina- ~ *hemna-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 220
- Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xemenaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 169
- Boutkan, Dirk, Siebinga, Sjoerd (2005) “himul”, in Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 1), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 172-173
- Kroonen, Guus (2011) The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 163: “*hemō, *humnaz”
- Friedrich Kluge (1989) “Himmel”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 309
- Torp, Alf (1919) “Himmel”, in Nynorsk Etymologisk Ordbok, Oslo: H. Aschehoug and Co. (W. Nygaard), page 214
- Hellquist, Elof (1922) “himmel”, in Svensk etymologisk ordbok [Swedish etymological dictionary][3] (in Swedish), Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag, page 236
References
- ^ Braune, W. (1891) Althochdeutsche Grammatik, Halle, page 94
- ^ Wachter, R. (1997) “Das indogermanische Wort fiir 'Sonne' und die angebliche Gruppe der l/n-Heteroklitika”, in Historische Sprachforschung, volume 110, page 18
- ^ Pedersen, H. (1893) “Rn Stamme”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung, volume 2, page 145
- ^ Vries (1992) (Please provide the book title or journal name)
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “3. k̂em-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 556-557
- ^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 272: “PWGmc *himil”