Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kalb

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kalbaz.

Noun

*kalb n^[1]

calf (young cow)

Inflection

z-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*kalb
Genitive	*kalbiʀi
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*kalb	*kalbiʀu
Accusative	*kalb	*kalbiʀu
Genitive	*kalbiʀi	*kalbiʀō
Dative	*kalbiʀi	*kalbiʀum
Instrumental	*kalbiʀi	*kalbiʀum

Derived terms

*kalbōn

Descendants

Old English: ċealf, cælf
- Middle English: calf, chelve, chalf, kelf
  - Scots: calf, cawf, caff, cauf
  - English: calf
  - Yola: callef
Old Frisian: *kalf, *kālch, *kāl
- North Frisian: kuulew, kualew
- Saterland Frisian: Koolich
- West Frisian: keal
Old Saxon: kalf
- Middle Low German: kalf
  - Low German: Kalv, Kalf
  - Plautdietsch: Kaulf
Old Dutch: calf
- Middle Dutch: calf
  - Dutch: kalf
  - Limburgish: kalf
Old High German: kalb, chalb, chalp
- Middle High German: kalp
  - Alemannic German: Chalp
  - Central Franconian: Kallev
  - Cimbrian: khalp, khalbe (Luserna)
  - German: Kalb
  - Luxembourgish: Kallef
  - Vilamovian: kołp
  - Yiddish: קאַלב (kalb)

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 118: “*kalb”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 118: “*kalb”

[1]