Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/karmijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *karm(i) (“cry, moan”) +‎ *-jan, ultimately from the same source as Proto-Germanic *karmiz (“call, cry, shout”).[1]

Verb

*karmijan

  1. to cry, moan

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive *karmijan
1st sg. past *karmidā
Infinitive *karmijan
Genitive infin. *karmijannjas
Dative infin. *karmijannjē
Instrum. infin. *karmijannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *karmiju *karmidā
2nd singular *karmisi *karmidēs, *karmidōs
3rd singular *karmiþi *karmidē, *karmidā
1st plural *karmijum *karmidum
2nd plural *karmiþ *karmidud
3rd plural *karmijanþ *karmidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *karmijē *karmidī
2nd singular *karmijēs *karmidī
3rd singular *karmijē *karmidī
1st plural *karmijēm *karmidīm
2nd plural *karmijēþ *karmidīd
3rd plural *karmijēn *karmidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *karmi
Plural *karmiþ
Present Past
Participle *karmijandī *karmid

Descendants

  • Old English: ċirman, ċerman, ċierman, ċyrman
  • Old Saxon: *kermian
  • Old Dutch: *kermen

References

  1. ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “kermen”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
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