Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/neman

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *nemaną.

Verb

*neman^[1]

to take

Inflection

Strong class 4
Infinitive	*neman
1st sg. past	*nam
3rd pl. past	*nāmun
Past ptcple	*numan
Infinitive	*neman
Genitive infin.	*nemannjas
Dative infin.	*nemannjē
Instrum. infin.	*nemannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*nemu	*nam
2nd singular	*nimiʀi	*nāmī
3rd singular	*nimidi	*nam
1st plural	*nemum	*nāmum
2nd plural	*nimid	*nāmud
3rd plural	*nemand	*nāmun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*nemē	*nāmī
2nd singular	*nemēs	*nāmī
3rd singular	*nemē	*nāmī
1st plural	*nemēm	*nāmīm
2nd plural	*nemēþ	*nāmīd
3rd plural	*nemēn	*nāmīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*nim
Plural	*nimid
	Present	Past
Participle	*nemandī	*numan

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Old English: niman
- Middle English: nimen, nymen
  - English: nim; numb (from past participle)
  - Scots: nim
Old Frisian: nima, nema
- North Frisian:
  Föhr-Amrum: nem
  Mooring: naame
- Saterland Frisian: níeme
- West Frisian: nimme
Old Saxon: niman, neman
- Middle Low German: nēmen
  - Low German: nehmen
Old Dutch: neman
- Middle Dutch: nēmen
  - Dutch: nemen
    - Afrikaans: neem
    - Jersey Dutch: nême
    - Negerhollands: neem
    - Skepi Creole Dutch: nemek, name
  - Limburgish: naeme, nömme
Old High German: nëman
- Middle High German: nëmen
  - Alemannic German: nää, nee, nèè, nä, në
  - Central Franconian: nemme
    Hunsrik: nemme
  - Cimbrian: nemmen
  - German: nehmen
  - Rhine Franconian:
    Pennsylvania German: nemme
  - Vilamovian: naoma
  - Yiddish: נעמען (nemen)

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 141: “PWGmc *neman”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 141: “PWGmc *neman”

[1]