Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/pik

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Latin pix (“pitch, tar”).

Noun

*pik n

pitch, tar, wood resin
Synonym: *teru

Inflection

Neuter a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*pik
Genitive	*pikas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*pik	*piku
Accusative	*pik	*piku
Genitive	*pikas	*pikō
Dative	*pikē	*pikum
Instrumental	*piku	*pikum

Derived terms

*pikōn

Descendants

In Old High German the word was probably initially restricted to northwestern (Rhenish) dialects, which explains the lack of shift from p- to pf-. It is however attested in the dative singular form pehhe in the 9th century Bavarian poem Muspilli, which otherwise shows this shift consistently.

Old English: piċ, pic
- Middle English: pik, pikk, pike, pikke, pich, piche, picche
  - English: pitch
    - → Galician: piche
    - → Portuguese: piche
  - Scots: pick
  - → Middle Irish: pic, picc
    - Irish: pic
Old Frisian: pik
- Saterland Frisian: Pik
- West Frisian: pik
Old Saxon: pik
- Middle Low German: pik, pek
  - German Low German: Pick
  - →? Latvian: piķis
  - →? Lithuanian: pi̇̀kis
  - → Old Norse: bik
    - Icelandic: bik
    - Swedish: beck
Old Dutch: pek
- Middle Dutch: pec
  - Dutch: pek, pik (see there for further descendants)
    - Afrikaans: pik
Old High German: peh, beh; *pfich, *phich
- Middle High German: pëch, bëch; phich (hapax, possibly a hypercorrection)
  - German: Pech (see there for further descendants)
  - Luxembourgish: Pech