Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ramm

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *rammaz.

Adjective

*ramm

Inflection

a-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*ramm
Genitive	*rammas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*ramm	*rammu	*ramm
Accusative	*rammanā	*rammā	*ramm
Genitive	*rammas	*rammeʀā	*rammas
Dative	*rammumē	*rammeʀē	*rammumē
Instrumental	*rammu	*rammeʀu	*rammu
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*rammē	*rammō	*rammu
Accusative	*rammā	*rammā	*rammu
Genitive	*rammeʀō	*rammeʀō	*rammeʀō
Dative	rammēm, rammum	rammēm, rammum	rammēm, rammum
Instrumental	rammēm, rammum	rammēm, rammum	rammēm, rammum

Alternative reconstructions

*ram

Derived terms

*ramōn
- Old Saxon: *ramōn
  - Middle Low German: rāmen
    - German Low German: raomen (“to overwhelm, conquer; to meet, encounter”)^[1]

Etymology 2

Presumably a nominalization of or otherwise related to the adjective above, based on the ram animal's characteristically vigorous headbutts.^[2]

Noun

*ramm m

male sheep, ram

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*ramm
Genitive	*rammas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*ramm	rammō, rammōs
Accusative	*ramm	*rammā
Genitive	*rammas	*rammō
Dative	*rammē	*rammum
Instrumental	*rammu	*rammum

Derived terms

*rammō
- Old High German: rammo
  - Middle High German: *ramme
    - German: Ramme

Descendants

Old English: ramm, ram
- Middle English: ramme, ram, rom
  - English: ram
  - Scots: ram
Old Frisian: *ram, *rom
- Saterland Frisian: Rom
- West Frisian: raam
Old Saxon: ramm, ram
- Middle Low German: ram, ramme
  - German Low German: Ramme, Ramm
Old Dutch: *ramm, *ram
- Middle Dutch: ram
  - Dutch: ram
    - Afrikaans: ram
Old High German: ram
- Middle High German: ram
  - German: Ramm (archaic)

References

^ Frischbier, H. (1883) “råmen”, in Preußisches Wörterbuch. Ost- und westpreußische Provinzialismen in alphabetischer Folge‎^[1], volumes II: L – Z, Berlin: Verlag von Th. Chr. Fr. Enslin, page 211
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*ramma-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 404

[1] Frischbier, H. (1883) “råmen”, in Preußisches Wörterbuch. Ost- und westpreußische Provinzialismen in alphabetischer Folge‎^[1], volumes II: L – Z, Berlin: Verlag von Th. Chr. Fr. Enslin, page 211

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*ramma-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 404

[1]

[2]