Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swangijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *swankijaną. Suggested to be related to Gothic 𐌰𐍆𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (afswaggwjan, “to despair”).[1]

Verb

*swangijan

  1. to cause to swing, waver

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive *swangijan
1st sg. past *swangidā
Infinitive *swangijan
Genitive infin. *swangijannjas
Dative infin. *swangijannjē
Instrum. infin. *swangijannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *swangiju *swangidā
2nd singular *swangisi *swangidēs, *swangidōs
3rd singular *swangiþi *swangidē, *swangidā
1st plural *swangijum *swangidum
2nd plural *swangiþ *swangidud
3rd plural *swangijanþ *swangidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *swangijē *swangidī
2nd singular *swangijēs *swangidī
3rd singular *swangijē *swangidī
1st plural *swangijēm *swangidīm
2nd plural *swangijēþ *swangidīd
3rd plural *swangijēn *swangidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *swangi
Plural *swangiþ
Present Past
Participle *swangijandī *swangid

Descendants

  • Old English: swenġan
    • Middle English: swengen, swengyn, suenge (Northern)
      • English: swinge
      • Scots: swinge, sweenge, swunge
      • Yola: swinged (preterite)
  • Old Frisian: swenga
  • Old Saxon: *swengian
  • Old Dutch: *swengen

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*swanʒwjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 391
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