Turkmen

See also: turkmen, türkmén, and Türkmen

English

Pronunciation

  • (UK) IPA(key): /ˈtɜːk.mən/
  • (US) IPA(key): /ˈtɝk.mən/
  • Audio (US):(file)

Etymology 1

The current majority view for the etymology of the ethnonym Türkmen or Turcoman is that it comes from Türk and the Turkic emphasizing suffix -men, meaning "'most Turkish of the Turks' or 'pure-blooded Turks.'"[1] A folk etymology, dating back to the Middle Ages and found in al-Biruni and Mahmud al-Kashgari, instead derives the suffix -men from the Persian suffix -mānind, with the resulting word meaning "like a Turk". While formerly the dominant etymology in modern scholarship, this mixed Turkic-Persian derivation is now viewed as incorrect.[2]

Alternative forms

Proper noun

Turkmen

  1. A Turkic language of the Turkmen spoken mostly in Turkmenistan.
Translations

Noun

Turkmen (plural Turkmen or Turkmens)

  1. A person from Turkmenistan or of Turkmen descent.
    • 2005, Chahryar Adle, History of Civilizations of Central Asia, page 316:
      The conquest took 16 years and ended in 1885 in a battle with the Afghans on the banks of the Murghab. During this period, the Turkmens offered the Russians stubborn resistance […]
    • 2009, Barbara A. West, Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania, page 841:
      Keimir-Ker, a Turkmen from the Tekke clan, led a rebellion against the Persians […]
Translations

Adjective

Turkmen (not comparable)

  1. Of, from, or pertaining to Turkmenistan, the Turkmen people or the Turkmen language.
Translations

Etymology 2

Treated as a plural of the deprecated term Turkman, influenced by English man, plural men.

Alternative forms

Noun

Turkmen

  1. (deprecated) plural of Turkman
Usage notes

Usage of Turkman, especially as a singular of Turkmen, has steadily declined and has become rare in comparison with Turkmen (plural Turkmen or Turkmens) since the 19th century as can be seen here.

References

  1. ^ Clark, Larry (1996) Turkmen Reference Grammar‎[1], Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 4, Annanepesov, M. (1999) “The Turkmens”, in Dani, Ahmad Hasan, editor, History of civilizations of Central Asia, Motilal Banarsidass, →ISBN, page 127, Golden, Peter (1992) An introduction to the history of the Turkic peoples : ethnogenesis and state-formation in the medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East, Harrassowitz, pages 213–214.
  2. ^ Clark, Larry (1996) Turkmen Reference Grammar‎[2], Harrassowitz, →ISBN, pages 4–5,Annanepesov, M. (1999) “The Turkmens”, in Dani, Ahmad Hasan, editor, History of civilizations of Central Asia, Motilal Banarsidass, →ISBN, page 127,Golden, Peter (1992) An introduction to the history of the Turkic peoples : ethnogenesis and state-formation in the medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East, Harrassowitz, pages 213–214.

Further reading

Czech

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈturkmɛn]

Noun

Turkmen m anim (female equivalent Turkmenka)

  1. Turkmen, Turkoman, Turkman (person)

Declension

Declension of Turkmen (hard masculine animate)
singular plural
nominative Turkmen Turkmenové
genitive Turkmena Turkmenů
dative Turkmenovi, Turkmenu Turkmenům
accusative Turkmena Turkmeny
vocative Turkmene Turkmenové
locative Turkmenovi, Turkmenu Turkmenech
instrumental Turkmenem Turkmeny

Maltese

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /turˈkmɛːn/

Adjective

Turkmen (feminine singular Turkmena, plural Turkmeni)

  1. Turkmen (of, from or relating to Turkmenistan)

Noun

Turkmen m (plural Turkmeni, feminine Turkmena)

  1. Turkmen (native or inhabitant of Turkmenistan)

Noun

It-Turkmen m

  1. Turkmen (language)

Polish

Etymology

Ultimately from Turkmen Türkmen.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈtur.kmɛn/
  • Rhymes: -urkmɛn
  • Syllabification: Tur‧kmen

Noun

Turkmen m pers (female equivalent Turkmenka)

  1. Turkmen (native or inhabitant of Turkmenistan) (usually male)

Declension

Declension of Turkmen
singular plural
nominative Turkmen Turkmeni/Turkmeny (deprecative)
genitive Turkmena Turkmenów
dative Turkmenowi Turkmenom
accusative Turkmena Turkmenów
instrumental Turkmenem Turkmenami
locative Turkmenie Turkmenach
vocative Turkmenie Turkmeni

Further reading

  • Turkmen in Polish dictionaries at PWN
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