Swahili
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jímʊka, separative form of Proto-Bantu *jíma. Cognate to Zulu -emuka.
Pronunciation
Verb
-amka (infinitive kuamka)
- to wake up, to get up
- to be alert
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -amka
|
| Positive present
|
-naamka
|
| Subjunctive
|
-amke
|
| Negative
|
-amki
|
| Imperative singular
|
amka
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kuamka
|
| Negative
|
kutoamka
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
amka
|
| Plural
|
amkeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huamka
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -liamka
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuamka
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -naamka)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninaamka/naamka
|
tunaamka
|
| 2nd person
|
unaamka
|
mnaamka
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anaamka
|
wanaamka
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -naamka
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -amki)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
siamki
|
hatuamki
|
| 2nd person
|
huamki
|
hamwamki
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
haamki
|
hawaamki
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -amki
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -taamka
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -taamka
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -amke)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
niamke
|
tuamke
|
| 2nd person
|
uamke
|
mwamke
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aamke
|
waamke
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -amke
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -siamke
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeamka
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeamka
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngaliamka
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singaliamka
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aamka)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
naamka
|
twaamka
|
| 2nd person
|
waamka
|
mwaamka
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aamka
|
waamka
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
waamka
|
yaamka
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
laamka
|
yaamka
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chaamka
|
vyaamka
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yaamka
|
zaamka
|
| u(XI)
|
waamka
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwaamka
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
paamka
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwaamka
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meamka
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshaamka
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jaamka
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kiamka
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipoamka
|
| Consecutive
|
kaamka / positive subject concord + -kaamka
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kaamke
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-niamka
|
-tuamka
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuamka
|
-waamka/-kuamkeni/-waamkeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mwamka
|
-waamka
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uamka
|
-iamka
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-liamka
|
-yaamka
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kiamka
|
-viamka
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-iamka
|
-ziamka
|
| u(XI)
|
-uamka
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuamka
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-paamka
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muamka
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jiamka
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -amka- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-amkaye
|
-amkao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-amkao
|
-amkayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-amkalo
|
-amkayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-amkacho
|
-amkavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-amkayo
|
-amkazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-amkao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-amkako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-amkapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-amkamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -amka)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yeamka
|
-oamka
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-oamka
|
-yoamka
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-loamka
|
-yoamka
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-choamka
|
-vyoamka
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yoamka
|
-zoamka
|
| u(XI)
|
-oamka
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-koamka
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-poamka
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-moamka
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms