atbaill

Old Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From ess- (“out of”) +‎ Class B third-person singular neuter infixed pronoun d- (“it”) +‎ Proto-Celtic *balnīti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“throw”). Thus literally ‘throw it’, originally either a euphemism or slang.

The preterite forms in at·bath- and the verbal noun apthu are from ess- +‎ d- +‎ original preterite passive form of baïd (“to die”), from Proto-Celtic *bayeti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂- (“tread”) (via a euphemistic meaning similar to pass away).

Compare Middle Welsh aballu (“die, perish”) (from *ad-balni-), Ancient Greek βάλλω (bállō, “throw”), Old English cwelan (“die”), Old Armenian կեղեմ (kełem, “torment, torture”), Lithuanian gėlà (“pain”)), compare Old Armenian կամ (kam, “to stand”), Latvian gāja (“went”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [adˈβal͈ʲ]

Verb

at·baill (prototonic ·epil, verbal noun epeltu or apthu)

  1. to perish, die
    Synonyms: ara·chrin, baïd

For quotations using this term, see Citations:atbaill.

Conjugation

The identification of this verb's present conjugation class is highly controversial due to simultaneously exhibiting alternation between a nasal suffixed present (seen in the -ll- ← -ln- attested only in the present stem) and non-nasal-suffix non-present stems characteristic of B IV and B V verbs in addition to the palatalization pattern of a B I verb. Virtually every author places this verb in a different conjugation class. Thurneysen classifies this as B V,[1] McCone classifies this as B III,[2] Le Mair classifies this as B I,[3] and Anderson creates an entire new conjugation class reserved for this verb, ernaid, sernaid, and marnaid.[4]

Complex, class B V present, t preterite, é future, a subjunctive
active passive
singular plural singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
present indicative deut. at·ball at·baill at·bail, at·baill, ad·baill; asind·bail (relative) at·ballam at·baillid at·ballat at·ballar
prot. ·epul ·epil ·epil, ·apail ·eiplem ·eiplid ·eiplet ·apallar, ·epallar
imperfect indicative deut. at·baillinn at·bailletha at·bailled at·bailmis at·baillethae at·bailtis at·baillethae
prot. ·eiplinn ·eipletha ·eipled ·epilmis ·eiplethae ·eiplitis ·eiplethae
preterite deut. at·balt at·bath at·bath at·bathatar; asind·bathatar (relative) at·batha (with active meaning)
prot. ·apath ·apathatar ·aptha (with active meaning)
perfect deut. at·rubalt at·rubalt at·rubaltatar
prot. ·érbailt ·érbaltatar
future deut. at·bél at·bélae at·béla at·bélam at·bélaid at·bélat
prot. ·epéla ·epélat
conditional deut. at·bélad at·bélmis
prot.
present subjunctive deut. at·bel; asind·bel (relative) at·bela; asin·bela (relative); at·roblea (ro-form)
prot. ·eplea; ·érbala (ro-form) ·érbalam, ·ǽrbalam (ro-form) ·eplet; ·érbalat (ro-form)
past subjunctive deut. at·belain, at·belainn; asind·belain (relative) at·belad; asind·belad (relative) at·belmais at·beltais
prot. ·epled, ·aipled; ·érbalad (ro-form) ·epeltais, ·epíltis
imperative eiplet, aiplet
verbal noun epeltu, apthu
past participle
verbal of necessity

Descendants

  • Middle Irish: eplaid, ablaid

References

  1. ^ Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) [1909] D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, translation of Handbuch des Alt-Irischen (in German), →ISBN, § 552, page 357; reprinted 2017
  2. ^ McCone, Kim (1997) The Early Irish Verb (Maynooth Monographs 1), 2nd edition, Maynooth: An Sagart, →ISBN, pages 30–31
  3. ^ Le Mair, Esther (2011) Secondary Verbs in Old Irish: A comparative-historical study of patterns of verbal derivation in the Old Irish Glosses (Ph.D. thesis), Galway: National University of Ireland, page 281
  4. ^ Anderson, Cormac (2016) Consonant colour and vocalism in the history of Irish (Ph.D. thesis), Poznań: Adam Mickiewicz University, page 277

Further reading

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.