betha
See also: bê tha
Northern Sotho
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-béeta.
Verb
betha
- to strike
Old Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbʲeθa/
Noun
betha
- inflection of bith:
- genitive singular/dual
- nominative plural
Verb
·betha
- second-person singular past subjunctive of at·tá
Mutation
| radical | lenition | nasalization |
|---|---|---|
| betha | betha pronounced with /βʲ-/ |
mbetha |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Xhosa
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-béeta.
Verb
-bétha
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-béeta.
Verb
-bétha
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukubetha | ukungabethi | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | betha | -bethe | ||||
| plural | bethani | -betheni | ||||
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyabetha, ngibetha | engibethayo, engibetha | ngibetha | angibethi | engingabethi | ngingabethi |
| 2nd singular | uyabetha, ubetha | obethayo, obetha | ubetha | awubethi | ongabethi | ungabethi |
| 1st plural | siyabetha, sibetha | esibethayo, esibetha | sibetha | asibethi | esingabethi | singabethi |
| 2nd plural | niyabetha, nibetha | enibethayo, enibetha | nibetha | anibethi | eningabethi | ningabethi |
| class 1 | uyabetha, ubetha | obethayo, obetha | ebetha | akabethi | ongabethi | engabethi |
| class 2 | bayabetha, babetha | ababethayo, ababetha | bebetha | ababethi | abangabethi | bengabethi |
| class 3 | uyabetha, ubetha | obethayo, obetha | ubetha | awubethi | ongabethi | ungabethi |
| class 4 | iyabetha, ibetha | ebethayo, ebetha | ibetha | ayibethi | engabethi | ingabethi |
| class 5 | liyabetha, libetha | elibethayo, elibetha | libetha | alibethi | elingabethi | lingabethi |
| class 6 | ayabetha, abetha | abethayo, abetha | ebetha | awabethi | angabethi | engabethi |
| class 7 | siyabetha, sibetha | esibethayo, esibetha | sibetha | asibethi | esingabethi | singabethi |
| class 8 | ziyabetha, zibetha | ezibethayo, ezibetha | zibetha | azibethi | ezingabethi | zingabethi |
| class 9 | iyabetha, ibetha | ebethayo, ebetha | ibetha | ayibethi | engabethi | ingabethi |
| class 10 | ziyabetha, zibetha | ezibethayo, ezibetha | zibetha | azibethi | ezingabethi | zingabethi |
| class 11 | luyabetha, lubetha | olubethayo, olubetha | lubetha | alubethi | olungabethi | lungabethi |
| class 14 | buyabetha, bubetha | obubethayo, obubetha | bubetha | abubethi | obungabethi | bungabethi |
| class 15 | kuyabetha, kubetha | okubethayo, okubetha | kubetha | akubethi | okungabethi | kungabethi |
| class 17 | kuyabetha, kubetha | okubethayo, okubetha | kubetha | akubethi | okungabethi | kungabethi |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngibethile, ngibethē | engibethile, engibethē | ngibethile, ngibethē | angibethanga | engingabethanga | ngingabethanga |
| 2nd singular | ubethile, ubethē | obethile, obethē | ubethile, ubethē | awubethanga | ongabethanga | ungabethanga |
| 1st plural | sibethile, sibethē | esibethile, esibethē | sibethile, sibethē | asibethanga | esingabethanga | singabethanga |
| 2nd plural | nibethile, nibethē | enibethile, enibethē | nibethile, nibethē | anibethanga | eningabethanga | ningabethanga |
| class 1 | ubethile, ubethē | obethile, obethē | ebethile, ebethē | akabethanga | ongabethanga | engabethanga |
| class 2 | babethile, babethē | ababethile, ababethē | bebethile, bebethē | ababethanga | abangabethanga | bengabethanga |
| class 3 | ubethile, ubethē | obethile, obethē | ubethile, ubethē | awubethanga | ongabethanga | ungabethanga |
| class 4 | ibethile, ibethē | ebethile, ebethē | ibethile, ibethē | ayibethanga | engabethanga | ingabethanga |
| class 5 | libethile, libethē | elibethile, elibethē | libethile, libethē | alibethanga | elingabethanga | lingabethanga |
| class 6 | abethile, abethē | abethile, abethē | ebethile, ebethē | awabethanga | angabethanga | engabethanga |
| class 7 | sibethile, sibethē | esibethile, esibethē | sibethile, sibethē | asibethanga | esingabethanga | singabethanga |
| class 8 | zibethile, zibethē | ezibethile, ezibethē | zibethile, zibethē | azibethanga | ezingabethanga | zingabethanga |
| class 9 | ibethile, ibethē | ebethile, ebethē | ibethile, ibethē | ayibethanga | engabethanga | ingabethanga |
| class 10 | zibethile, zibethē | ezibethile, ezibethē | zibethile, zibethē | azibethanga | ezingabethanga | zingabethanga |
| class 11 | lubethile, lubethē | olubethile, olubethē | lubethile, lubethē | alubethanga | olungabethanga | lungabethanga |
| class 14 | bubethile, bubethē | obubethile, obubethē | bubethile, bubethē | abubethanga | obungabethanga | bungabethanga |
| class 15 | kubethile, kubethē | okubethile, okubethē | kubethile, kubethē | akubethanga | okungabethanga | kungabethanga |
| class 17 | kubethile, kubethē | okubethile, okubethē | kubethile, kubethē | akubethanga | okungabethanga | kungabethanga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngābetha | engābetha | ngābetha | angibethanga | engingabethanga | ngingabethanga |
| 2nd singular | wābetha | owābetha | wābetha | awubethanga | ongabethanga | ungabethanga |
| 1st plural | sābetha | esābetha | sābetha | asibethanga | esingabethanga | singabethanga |
| 2nd plural | nābetha | enābetha | nābetha | anibethanga | eningabethanga | ningabethanga |
| class 1 | wābetha | owābetha | ābetha | akabethanga | ongabethanga | engabethanga |
| class 2 | bābetha | abābetha | bābetha | ababethanga | abangabethanga | bengabethanga |
| class 3 | wābetha | owābetha | wābetha | awubethanga | ongabethanga | ungabethanga |
| class 4 | yābetha | eyābetha | yābetha | ayibethanga | engabethanga | ingabethanga |
| class 5 | lābetha | elābetha | lābetha | alibethanga | elingabethanga | lingabethanga |
| class 6 | ābetha | ābetha | ābetha | awabethanga | angabethanga | engabethanga |
| class 7 | sābetha | esābetha | sābetha | asibethanga | esingabethanga | singabethanga |
| class 8 | zābetha | ezābetha | zābetha | azibethanga | ezingabethanga | zingabethanga |
| class 9 | yābetha | eyābetha | yābetha | ayibethanga | engabethanga | ingabethanga |
| class 10 | zābetha | ezābetha | zābetha | azibethanga | ezingabethanga | zingabethanga |
| class 11 | lwābetha | olwābetha | lwābetha | alubethanga | olungabethanga | lungabethanga |
| class 14 | bābetha | obābetha | bābetha | abubethanga | obungabethanga | bungabethanga |
| class 15 | kwābetha | okwābetha | kwābetha | akubethanga | okungabethanga | kungabethanga |
| class 17 | kwābetha | okwābetha | kwābetha | akubethanga | okungabethanga | kungabethanga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingabetha | — | ngingabetha | ngingebethe | — | ngingebethe |
| 2nd singular | ungabetha | — | ungabetha | ungebethe | — | ungebethe |
| 1st plural | singabetha | — | singabetha | singebethe | — | singebethe |
| 2nd plural | ningabetha | — | ningabetha | ningebethe | — | ningebethe |
| class 1 | angabetha | — | engabetha | angebethe | — | engebethe |
| class 2 | bangabetha | — | bengabetha | bangebethe | — | bengebethe |
| class 3 | ungabetha | — | ungabetha | ungebethe | — | ungebethe |
| class 4 | ingabetha | — | ingabetha | ingebethe | — | ingebethe |
| class 5 | lingabetha | — | lingabetha | lingebethe | — | lingebethe |
| class 6 | angabetha | — | engabetha | angebethe | — | engebethe |
| class 7 | singabetha | — | singabetha | singebethe | — | singebethe |
| class 8 | zingabetha | — | zingabetha | zingebethe | — | zingebethe |
| class 9 | ingabetha | — | ingabetha | ingebethe | — | ingebethe |
| class 10 | zingabetha | — | zingabetha | zingebethe | — | zingebethe |
| class 11 | lungabetha | — | lungabetha | lungebethe | — | lungebethe |
| class 14 | bungabetha | — | bungabetha | bungebethe | — | bungebethe |
| class 15 | kungabetha | — | kungabetha | kungebethe | — | kungebethe |
| class 17 | kungabetha | — | kungabetha | kungebethe | — | kungebethe |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizobetha | engizobetha | ngizobetha | angizubetha | engingezubetha | ngingezubetha |
| 2nd singular | uzobetha | ozobetha | uzobetha | awuzubetha | ongezubetha | ungezubetha |
| 1st plural | sizobetha | esizobetha | sizobetha | asizubetha | esingezubetha | singezubetha |
| 2nd plural | nizobetha | enizobetha | nizobetha | anizubetha | eningezubetha | ningezubetha |
| class 1 | uzobetha | ozobetha | ezobetha | akazubetha | ongezubetha | engezubetha |
| class 2 | bazobetha | abazobetha | bezobetha | abazubetha | abangezubetha | bengezubetha |
| class 3 | uzobetha | ozobetha | uzobetha | awuzubetha | ongezubetha | ungezubetha |
| class 4 | izobetha | ezobetha | izobetha | ayizubetha | engezubetha | ingezubetha |
| class 5 | lizobetha | elizobetha | lizobetha | alizubetha | elingezubetha | lingezubetha |
| class 6 | azobetha | azobetha | ezobetha | awazubetha | angezubetha | engezubetha |
| class 7 | sizobetha | esizobetha | sizobetha | asizubetha | esingezubetha | singezubetha |
| class 8 | zizobetha | ezizobetha | zizobetha | azizubetha | ezingezubetha | zingezubetha |
| class 9 | izobetha | ezobetha | izobetha | ayizubetha | engezubetha | ingezubetha |
| class 10 | zizobetha | ezizobetha | zizobetha | azizubetha | ezingezubetha | zingezubetha |
| class 11 | luzobetha | oluzobetha | luzobetha | aluzubetha | olungezubetha | lungezubetha |
| class 14 | buzobetha | obuzobetha | buzobetha | abuzubetha | obungezubetha | bungezubetha |
| class 15 | kuzobetha | okuzobetha | kuzobetha | akuzubetha | okungezubetha | kungezubetha |
| class 17 | kuzobetha | okuzobetha | kuzobetha | akuzubetha | okungezubetha | kungezubetha |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyobetha | engiyobetha | ngiyobetha | angiyubetha | engingeyubetha | ngingeyubetha |
| 2nd singular | uyobetha | oyobetha | uyobetha | awuyubetha | ongeyubetha | ungeyubetha |
| 1st plural | siyobetha | esiyobetha | siyobetha | asiyubetha | esingeyubetha | singeyubetha |
| 2nd plural | niyobetha | eniyobetha | niyobetha | aniyubetha | eningeyubetha | ningeyubetha |
| class 1 | uyobetha | oyobetha | eyobetha | akayubetha | ongeyubetha | engeyubetha |
| class 2 | bayobetha | abayobetha | beyobetha | abayubetha | abangeyubetha | bengeyubetha |
| class 3 | uyobetha | oyobetha | uyobetha | awuyubetha | ongeyubetha | ungeyubetha |
| class 4 | iyobetha | eyobetha | iyobetha | ayiyubetha | engeyubetha | ingeyubetha |
| class 5 | liyobetha | eliyobetha | liyobetha | aliyubetha | elingeyubetha | lingeyubetha |
| class 6 | ayobetha | ayobetha | eyobetha | awayubetha | angeyubetha | engeyubetha |
| class 7 | siyobetha | esiyobetha | siyobetha | asiyubetha | esingeyubetha | singeyubetha |
| class 8 | ziyobetha | eziyobetha | ziyobetha | aziyubetha | ezingeyubetha | zingeyubetha |
| class 9 | iyobetha | eyobetha | iyobetha | ayiyubetha | engeyubetha | ingeyubetha |
| class 10 | ziyobetha | eziyobetha | ziyobetha | aziyubetha | ezingeyubetha | zingeyubetha |
| class 11 | luyobetha | oluyobetha | luyobetha | aluyubetha | olungeyubetha | lungeyubetha |
| class 14 | buyobetha | obuyobetha | buyobetha | abuyubetha | obungeyubetha | bungeyubetha |
| class 15 | kuyobetha | okuyobetha | kuyobetha | akuyubetha | okungeyubetha | kungeyubetha |
| class 17 | kuyobetha | okuyobetha | kuyobetha | akuyubetha | okungeyubetha | kungeyubetha |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngibethe | ngingabethi | ||||
| 2nd singular | ubethe | ungabethi | ||||
| 1st plural | sibethe | singabethi | ||||
| 2nd plural | nibethe | ningabethi | ||||
| class 1 | abethe | angabethi | ||||
| class 2 | babethe | bangabethi | ||||
| class 3 | ubethe | ungabethi | ||||
| class 4 | ibethe | ingabethi | ||||
| class 5 | libethe | lingabethi | ||||
| class 6 | abethe | angabethi | ||||
| class 7 | sibethe | singabethi | ||||
| class 8 | zibethe | zingabethi | ||||
| class 9 | ibethe | ingabethi | ||||
| class 10 | zibethe | zingabethi | ||||
| class 11 | lubethe | lungabethi | ||||
| class 14 | bubethe | bungabethi | ||||
| class 15 | kubethe | kungabethi | ||||
| class 17 | kubethe | kungabethi | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngabetha | ngangabetha, angabetha, angangabetha | ||||
| 2nd singular | wabetha | wangabetha, awabetha, awangabetha | ||||
| 1st plural | sabetha | sangabetha, asabetha, asangabetha | ||||
| 2nd plural | nabetha | nangabetha, anabetha, anangabetha | ||||
| class 1 | wabetha | wangabetha, akabetha, akangabetha | ||||
| class 2 | babetha | bangabetha, ababetha, abangabetha | ||||
| class 3 | wabetha | wangabetha, awabetha, awangabetha | ||||
| class 4 | yabetha | yangabetha, ayabetha, ayangabetha | ||||
| class 5 | labetha | langabetha, alabetha, alangabetha | ||||
| class 6 | abetha | angabetha, awabetha, awangabetha | ||||
| class 7 | sabetha | sangabetha, asabetha, asangabetha | ||||
| class 8 | zabetha | zangabetha, azabetha, azangabetha | ||||
| class 9 | yabetha | yangabetha, ayabetha, ayangabetha | ||||
| class 10 | zabetha | zangabetha, azabetha, azangabetha | ||||
| class 11 | lwabetha | lwangabetha, alwabetha, alwangabetha | ||||
| class 14 | babetha | bangabetha, ababetha, abangabetha | ||||
| class 15 | kwabetha | kwangabetha, akwabetha, akwangabetha | ||||
| class 17 | kwabetha | kwangabetha, akwabetha, akwangabetha | ||||