bilst

Latvian

Etymology

Underlyingly *bild-ti, an iR-vocalization of the zero-grade *bʰl̥- of Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to sound; to speak, roar, bark”) which gave rise to an (unattested) *bilt which was extended with an additional -d- giving bilst. Of the same origin as balss (“voice”). Cognate with Lithuanian bilti (“to speak”) (3rd pres. bilsta), bilsti (“to knock, rumble”), byla (“speech; case, file”), Old Prussian billīt, billītwei (“to say, speak”). Iterative bildēt (“to speak”) (whence atbildēt (“to respond”)), causative bildināt (“to propose someone”).[1] Derksen reconstructs *bʰl̥d- already at a Proto-Indo-European stage, see Lithuanian bildėti.

Pronunciation

Verb

bilst (intransitive, 1st conjugation, present bilstu, bilsti, bilst, past bildu)

  1. (transitive) to utter; to say, especially in few words

Conjugation

Conjugation of bilst
indicative (īstenības izteiksme) imperative
(pavēles izteiksme)
present
(tagadne) 		past
(pagātne) 		future
(nākotne)
1st person sg es bilstu bildu bildīšu —
2nd person sg tu bilsti bildi bildīsi bilsti
3rd person sg viņš, viņa bilst bilda bildīs lai bilst
1st person pl mēs bilstam bildām bildīsim bildīsim
2nd person pl jūs bilstat bildāt bildīsiet,
bildīsit 		bilstiet
3rd person pl viņi, viņas bilst bilda bildīs lai bilst
renarrative (atstāstījuma izteiksme) participles (divdabji)
present bilstot present active 1 (adj.) bilstošs
past esot bildis present active 2 (adv.) bilzdams
future bildīšot present active 3 (adv.) bilstot
imperative lai bilstot present active 4 (obj.) bilstam
conditional (vēlējuma izteiksme) past active bildis
present bilstu present passive bilstams
past būtu bildis past passive bilsts
debitive (vajadzības izteiksme) nominal forms
indicative (būt) jābilst infinitive (nenoteiksme) bilst
conjunctive 1 esot jābilst negative infinitive nebilst
conjunctive 2 jābilstot verbal noun bilšana
  • aizbildnis (“legal guardian”)
  • aizbilst (“to put in a good word for someone”)
  • atbilde (“response”)
  • atbildēt (“to respond, reply”)
  • atbildība (“responsibility”)
  • atbilst (“to correspond, match, suit”)
  • atbilstība (“suitability, correspondence”)
  • bildināt (“to propose someone”)
  • iebildums (“objection”)
  • iebilst (“to object”)
  • piebilde (“note, (an additional) condition”)
  • piebilst (“to add, note”)

References

  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “bilst”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca [Latvian Etymological Dictionary]‎[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
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