Haitian Creole
Etymology
From French choix (“choice”).
Pronunciation
Noun
chwa
- choice
Swahili
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-còa.
Pronunciation
Verb
-chwa (infinitive kuchwa)
- (of the sun) to set, to go down
- Antonym: -cha
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -chwa
|
| Positive present
|
-nakuchwa
|
| Subjunctive
|
-chwe
|
| Negative
|
-chwi
|
| Imperative singular
|
kuchwa
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kuchwa
|
| Negative
|
kutokuchwa
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
kuchwa
|
| Plural
|
kuchweni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huchwa
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likuchwa
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuchwa
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakuchwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakuchwa/nakuchwa
|
tunakuchwa
|
| 2nd person
|
unakuchwa
|
mnakuchwa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakuchwa
|
wanakuchwa
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakuchwa
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -chwi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sichwi
|
hatuchwi
|
| 2nd person
|
huchwi
|
hamchwi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hachwi
|
hawachwi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -chwi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takuchwa
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takuchwa
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -chwe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nichwe
|
tuchwe
|
| 2nd person
|
uchwe
|
mchwe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
achwe
|
wachwe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -chwe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sichwe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekuchwa
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekuchwa
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikuchwa
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikuchwa
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -achwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nachwa
|
twachwa
|
| 2nd person
|
wachwa
|
mwachwa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
achwa
|
wachwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wachwa
|
yachwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lachwa
|
yachwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chachwa
|
vyachwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yachwa
|
zachwa
|
| u(XI)
|
wachwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwachwa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pachwa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwachwa
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekuchwa
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakuchwa
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jachwa
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kichwa
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokuchwa
|
| Consecutive
|
kachwa / positive subject concord + -kachwa
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kachwe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nichwa
|
-tuchwa
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuchwa
|
-wachwa/-kuchweni/-wachweni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mchwa
|
-wachwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uchwa
|
-ichwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lichwa
|
-yachwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kichwa
|
-vichwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ichwa
|
-zichwa
|
| u(XI)
|
-uchwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuchwa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pachwa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muchwa
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jichwa
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -chwa- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-chwaye
|
-chwao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-chwao
|
-chwayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-chwalo
|
-chwayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chwacho
|
-chwavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-chwayo
|
-chwazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-chwao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-chwako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-chwapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-chwamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kuchwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekuchwa
|
-okuchwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okuchwa
|
-yokuchwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokuchwa
|
-yokuchwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokuchwa
|
-vyokuchwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokuchwa
|
-zokuchwa
|
| u(XI)
|
-okuchwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokuchwa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pokuchwa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mokuchwa
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms