contrefaire
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French contrefaire, from Late Latin *contrāfaciō, corresponding to contrā (“against”) + faciō (“to make”). By surface analysis, contre- + faire.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kɔ̃.tʁə.fɛʁ/
Audio: (file)
Verb
contrefaire
Conjugation
Conjugation of contrefaire (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | contrefaire | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | contrefaisant /kɔ̃.tʁə.f(ə).zɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | contrefait /kɔ̃.tʁə.fɛ/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | contrefais /kɔ̃.tʁə.fɛ/ |
contrefais /kɔ̃.tʁə.fɛ/ |
contrefait /kɔ̃.tʁə.fɛ/ |
contrefaisons /kɔ̃.tʁə.f(ə).zɔ̃/ |
contrefaites /kɔ̃.tʁə.fɛt/ |
contrefont /kɔ̃.tʁə.fɔ̃/ |
| imperfect | contrefaisais /kɔ̃.tʁə.f(ə).zɛ/ |
contrefaisais /kɔ̃.tʁə.f(ə).zɛ/ |
contrefaisait /kɔ̃.tʁə.f(ə).zɛ/ |
contrefaisions /kɔ̃.tʁə.fə.zjɔ̃/ |
contrefaisiez /kɔ̃.tʁə.fə.zje/ |
contrefaisaient /kɔ̃.tʁə.f(ə).zɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | contrefis /kɔ̃.tʁə.fi/ |
contrefis /kɔ̃.tʁə.fi/ |
contrefit /kɔ̃.tʁə.fi/ |
contrefîmes /kɔ̃.tʁə.fim/ |
contrefîtes /kɔ̃.tʁə.fit/ |
contrefirent /kɔ̃.tʁə.fiʁ/ | |
| future | contreferai /kɔ̃.tʁə.f(ə).ʁe/ |
contreferas /kɔ̃.tʁə.f(ə).ʁa/ |
contrefera /kɔ̃.tʁə.f(ə).ʁa/ |
contreferons /kɔ̃.tʁə.f(ə).ʁɔ̃/ |
contreferez /kɔ̃.tʁə.f(ə).ʁe/ |
contreferont /kɔ̃.tʁə.f(ə).ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | contreferais /kɔ̃.tʁə.f(ə).ʁɛ/ |
contreferais /kɔ̃.tʁə.f(ə).ʁɛ/ |
contreferait /kɔ̃.tʁə.f(ə).ʁɛ/ |
contreferions /kɔ̃.tʁə.fə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
contreferiez /kɔ̃.tʁə.fə.ʁje/ |
contreferaient /kɔ̃.tʁə.f(ə).ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | contrefasse /kɔ̃.tʁə.fas/ |
contrefasses /kɔ̃.tʁə.fas/ |
contrefasse /kɔ̃.tʁə.fas/ |
contrefassions /kɔ̃.tʁə.fa.sjɔ̃/ |
contrefassiez /kɔ̃.tʁə.fa.sje/ |
contrefassent /kɔ̃.tʁə.fas/ |
| imperfect2 | contrefisse /kɔ̃.tʁə.fis/ |
contrefisses /kɔ̃.tʁə.fis/ |
contrefît /kɔ̃.tʁə.fi/ |
contrefissions /kɔ̃.tʁə.fi.sjɔ̃/ |
contrefissiez /kɔ̃.tʁə.fi.sje/ |
contrefissent /kɔ̃.tʁə.fis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | contrefais /kɔ̃.tʁə.fɛ/ |
— | contrefaisons /kɔ̃.tʁə.f(ə).zɔ̃/ |
contrefaites /kɔ̃.tʁə.fɛt/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
References
- “contrefaire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
Old French
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Late Latin *contrāfaciō, corresponding to contrā (“against”) + faciō (“to make”). By surface analysis, contre- + faire.
Verb
contrefaire
- to counterfeit (make false objects)
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of contrefaire (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | contrefaire | avoir contrefait | |||||
| gerund | en contrefaisant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | contrefaisant | ||||||
| past participle | contrefait | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | contrefaz, contrefai | contrefais | contrefait | contrefaimes, contrefaisons | contrefaites | contrefont |
| imperfect | contrefaisoie, contrefaiseie | contrefaisoies, contrefaiseies | contrefaisoit, contrefaiseit | contrefaisiiens, contrefaisiens | contrefaisiiez, contrefaisiez | contrefaisoient, contrefaiseient | |
| preterite | contrefis | contrefeṣis | contrefist | contrefeṣimes | contrefeṣistes | contrefirent | |
| future | contreferai | contreferas | contrefera | contreferons | contreferoiz, contrefereiz, contreferez | contreferont | |
| conditional | contreferoie, contrefereie | contreferoies, contrefereies | contreferoit, contrefereit | contreferiiens, contreferiens | contreferiiez, contreferiez | contreferoient, contrefereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | contreface | contrefaces | contreface | contrefaciens, contrefaçons | contrefaciez | contrefacent |
| imperfect | contrefeṣisse | contrefeṣisses | contrefeṣist | contrefeṣissons, contrefeṣissiens | contrefeṣissoiz, contrefeṣissez, contrefeṣissiez | contrefeṣissent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | contrefa | — | contrefaimes, contrefaisons | contrefaites | — | ||
Descendants
- English: to counterfeit
- French: contrefaire