cramer
See also: Cramer
French
FWOTD – 13 June 2024
Etymology
Borrowed from Occitan cramar, cremar, from Latin cremāre. Doublet of crémer.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʁa.me/
Audio: (file)
Verb
cramer
- (ambitransitive) to burn
- (slang) to smoke (a cigarette)
- (slang) to have one's identity found out or discovered
- J’ai trop peur qu’il pense que je suis cramé ou, pire, que pour sauver ma peau, ils m’ont retourné et que je suis devenu un agent double.
- I am very afraid that he thought I had been found out, or worse, that to save my skin, they had sent me back and I had become a double agent.
- (Djahanshah Bakhtiar, Moi Iranien espion de la CIA et du Mossad, Éditions du moment, 2014, chapter 10.)
Conjugation
Conjugation of cramer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | cramer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | cramant /kʁa.mɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | cramé /kʁa.me/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | crame /kʁam/ |
crames /kʁam/ |
crame /kʁam/ |
cramons /kʁa.mɔ̃/ |
cramez /kʁa.me/ |
crament /kʁam/ |
| imperfect | cramais /kʁa.mɛ/ |
cramais /kʁa.mɛ/ |
cramait /kʁa.mɛ/ |
cramions /kʁa.mjɔ̃/ |
cramiez /kʁa.mje/ |
cramaient /kʁa.mɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | cramai /kʁa.me/ |
cramas /kʁa.ma/ |
crama /kʁa.ma/ |
cramâmes /kʁa.mam/ |
cramâtes /kʁa.mat/ |
cramèrent /kʁa.mɛʁ/ | |
| future | cramerai /kʁam.ʁe/ |
crameras /kʁam.ʁa/ |
cramera /kʁam.ʁa/ |
cramerons /kʁam.ʁɔ̃/ |
cramerez /kʁam.ʁe/ |
crameront /kʁam.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | cramerais /kʁam.ʁɛ/ |
cramerais /kʁam.ʁɛ/ |
cramerait /kʁam.ʁɛ/ |
cramerions /kʁa.mə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
crameriez /kʁa.mə.ʁje/ |
crameraient /kʁam.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | crame /kʁam/ |
crames /kʁam/ |
crame /kʁam/ |
cramions /kʁa.mjɔ̃/ |
cramiez /kʁa.mje/ |
crament /kʁam/ |
| imperfect2 | cramasse /kʁa.mas/ |
cramasses /kʁa.mas/ |
cramât /kʁa.ma/ |
cramassions /kʁa.ma.sjɔ̃/ |
cramassiez /kʁa.ma.sje/ |
cramassent /kʁa.mas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | crame /kʁam/ |
— | cramons /kʁa.mɔ̃/ |
cramez /kʁa.me/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “cramer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.