darllen

Welsh

Alternative forms

  • darllain, darlleaw (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle Welsh darllein, from Proto-Celtic *to- + *ɸare- + *legeti, from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (gather) (compare Latin legō (to read)).

Pronunciation

Verb

darllen (first-person singular present darllenaf)

  1. to read

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future darllenaf darlleni darllen darllenwn darllenwch darllenant darllenir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional
darllenwn darllenit darllenai darllenem darllenech darllenent darllenid
preterite darllenais darllenaist darllenodd darllenasom darllenasoch darllenasant darllenwyd
pluperfect darllenaswn darllenasit darllenasai darllenasem darllenasech darllenasent darllenasid, darllenesid
present subjunctive darllenwyf darllenych darlleno darllenom darllenoch darllenont darllener
imperative darllen, darllena darllened darllenwn darllenwch darllenent darllener
verbal noun darllen
verbal adjectives darllenedig
darllenadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
inflected
colloquial forms
singular plural
first second third first second third
future darllena i,
darllenaf i
darlleni di darllenith o/e/hi,
darlleniff e/hi
darllenwn ni darllenwch chi darllenan nhw
conditional darllenwn i,
darllenswn i
darllenet ti,
darllenset ti
darllenai fo/fe/hi,
darllensai fo/fe/hi
darllenen ni,
darllensen ni
darllenech chi,
darllensech chi
darllenen nhw,
darllensen nhw
preterite darllenais i,
darllenes i
darllenaist ti,
darllenest ti
darllenodd o/e/hi darllenon ni darllenoch chi darllenon nhw
imperative darllena darllenwch

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

  • darllenfa (reading room)
  • darllenfwrdd (reading desk)
  • darllengar (fond of reading, adjective)
  • darlleniad (reading)
  • darllenydd (reader)

Mutation

Mutated forms of darllen
radical soft nasal aspirate
darllen ddarllen narllen unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “darllenaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies