dever
Galician
Verb
dever (first-person singular present devo, first-person singular preterite devim or devi, past participle devido, reintegrationist norm)
- reintegrationist spelling of deber
Conjugation
1Less recommended.
References
- “dever” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
Ladino
Etymology
From Old Spanish dever, from Latin debeo, debere.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /deˈver/
Verb
dever
- to have to
- should
- must
- 2020 January 29, Metin Delevi, “El 27 de Enero es el dia de memoria de las viktimas del Nazismo, del Olokosto…”, in Şalom[1]:
- Devemos de akodrar i azer akodrar de este kavzo, ke se finalizo kon 11 milyones de viktimas entre eyos 6 milyones de djudios, para luchar kontra el antisemitizmo i el rasizmo.
- We must remember and make others remember this event that ended with 11 million victims, among them 6 million Jews, to fight antisemitism and racism.
Noun
dever m
- duty
- 2020 January 29, Metin Delevi, “El 27 de Enero es el dia de memoria de las viktimas del Nazismo, del Olokosto…”, in Şalom[2]:
- Ija de imigrantes djudios rusos ke aviyan sufriyido del aborresimyento i del antisemitizmo, se sintyo ke el aktivizmo sovre este sujeto era su dever.
- The daughter of Russian Jewish immigrants who had suffered from hatred and from antisemitism, she felt that activism on this subject was her duty.
Northern Kurdish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dɛˈvɛɾ/
- Rhymes: -ɛɾ
Noun
dever f (Arabic spelling دەۊەر)
See also
References
- Chyet, Michael L. (2003) “dever”, in Kurdish–English Dictionary[3], with selected etymologies by Martin Schwartz, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, page 143
Occitan
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Occitan [Term?], from Latin dēbēre (“to owe”).
Pronunciation
Audio (Béarn): (file)
Verb
dever
Conjugation
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | dever | aver degut | |||||
| gerund | devent | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | degut | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | devi | deves | deu | devèm | devètz | devon | |
| imperfect | deviái | deviás | deviá | deviam | deviatz | devián | |
| preterite | deguèri | deguères | deguèt | deguèrem | deguèretz | deguèron | |
| future | deurai | deuràs | deurà | deurem | deuretz | deuràn | |
| conditional | deuriái | deuriás | deuriá | deuriam | deuriatz | deurián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | |||||||
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | dega | degas | dega | degam | degatz | degan | |
| imperfect | deguèsse | deguèsses | deguèsse | deguèssem | deguèssetz | deguèsson | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| deu | degam | devètz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Noun
dever m (plural devers)
- duty, obligation
- Synonym: obligacion
Old Galician-Portuguese
Etymology
Inherited from Latin dēbēre (“to owe, to must”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /deˈβeɾ/
- Rhymes: -eɾ
Verb
dever
Descendants
Further reading
Old Leonese
Alternative forms
- deuer
Etymology
Inherited from Latin dēbēre (“to owe, to must”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /deˈβeɾ/
Verb
dever
- (transitive, intransitive) must; to have to
- 1017, Fuero de León:
- Nenguna muyer que uiuir en Leom non deue ser trayda a finir el pan del Rey sem so grado, senom fur sua sierua.
- No woman who lived in Leon should be brought to prepare the King's bread without his consent, unless she is a servant.
- 1243, Arriendo de Nora a Nora:
- t dizemos que todo ome que uenga morar entre nos dientro la alfoz de Nora a nora. deue fazer el foro
- and we say that every man who comes to live among us within the territory of Nora to Nora, must make the forum
- 1247, Fuero de Campumanes[4]:
- que cada uno de uso deuedes a dar cada uno anno al Obispo de Sant Saluador
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1275, "Piece of a testament"[5]:
- E mando que quanto en este testamento sie scripto que vala rodo e cada uno dello por cualquier guisa que testamento deue valer
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- to owe
- 1275, "Piece of a testament"[6]:
- Et esto ye lo que yo devo a Thomas Perez 411 mar. de blancos. Et esto ye al que devo a auer de mios prestamos e otras debdas e otras cosas que tengo en mia casa sont duas collechas
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1282, "Pact between Oviedo and Avilés":
- saluo las deuedas que nuestros vezinos se deuen unos aotros que sse deuen pagar
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Descendants
Portuguese
Etymology 1
From Old Galician-Portuguese dever, from Latin dēbēre (“to owe”).
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /deˈve(ʁ)/ [deˈve(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /deˈve(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /deˈve(ʁ)/ [deˈve(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /deˈve(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /dɨˈveɾ/
- (Northern Portugal) IPA(key): /dɨˈbeɾ/ [dɨˈβeɾ]
- (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /dɨˈve.ɾi/
- Hyphenation: de‧ver
Verb
dever (first-person singular present devo, first-person singular preterite devi, past participle devido)
- should (indicates that an action is considered by the speaker to be obligatory)
- ought (indicates that the subject of the sentence has some obligation to execute the sentence predicate.)
- will likely (indicates that the subject of the sentence is likely to execute the sentence predicate.)
- Deve chover.
- (It looks like) it's going to rain.
- owe (to be in debt.)
Conjugation
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | dever | |||||
| Personal | dever | deveres | dever | devermos | deverdes | deverem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| devendo | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | devido | devidos | ||||
| Feminine | devida | devidas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | devo | deves | deve | devemos | deveis | devem |
| Imperfect | devia | devias | devia | devíamos | devíeis | deviam |
| Preterite | devi | deveste | deveu | devemos | devestes | deveram |
| Pluperfect | devera | deveras | devera | devêramos | devêreis | deveram |
| Future | deverei | deverás | deverá | deveremos | devereis | deverão |
| Conditional | deveria | deverias | deveria | deveríamos | deveríeis | deveriam |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | deva | devas | deva | devamos | devais | devam |
| Imperfect | devesse | devesses | devesse | devêssemos | devêsseis | devessem |
| Future | dever | deveres | dever | devermos | deverdes | deverem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | deve | deva | devamos | devei | devam | |
| Negative (não) | não devas | não deva | não devamos | não devais | não devam | |
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:dever.
Descendants
- → Makalero: deue (“debt, to borrow”)
Etymology 2
Nominalization of Etymology 1.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /deˈveʁ/ [deˈveh]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /deˈveɾ/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /deˈveʁ/ [deˈveχ]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /deˈveɻ/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /dɨˈveɾ/
- (Northern Portugal) IPA(key): /dɨˈbeɾ/ [dɨˈβeɾ]
- (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /dɨˈve.ɾi/
- Hyphenation: de‧ver
Noun
dever m (plural deveres)
- duty (that which one is morally or legally obligated to do)
- (in the plural, dated) homework
- Synonyms: trabalho de casa, TPC
- Já fizeste os teus deveres?
- Have you done your homework yet?
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:dever.
Romanian
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish دور (devir), from Arabic دَوْر (dawr).
Noun
dever n (uncountable)
Declension
| singular only | indefinite | definite |
|---|---|---|
| nominative-accusative | dever | deverul |
| genitive-dative | dever | deverului |
| vocative | deverule | |
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Bulgarian девер (dever), from Proto-Slavic *dě̀verь.
Noun
dever m (plural deveri)
- (regional) in the country, a boy who welcomes the guests and serves them dishes at traditional weddings and also leads the wedding processional; (through extension) a person accompanying the bride
- Synonym: vornicel
Declension
| singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | ||
| nominative-accusative | dever | deverul | deveri | deverii | |
| genitive-dative | dever | deverului | deveri | deverilor | |
| vocative | deverule | deverilor | |||
Alternative forms
- diavor, deavur, gheaver
References
- “dever”, in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language) (in Romanian), 2004–2025
Serbo-Croatian
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *děverь, from Proto-Indo-European *dayh₂wḗr. Compare Russian деверь (deverʹ).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dêver/
- Hyphenation: de‧ver
Noun
dȅver m anim (Cyrillic spelling де̏вер)
- brother-in-law (one's husband's brother)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | dever | deveri |
| genitive | devera | devera |
| dative | deveru | deverima |
| accusative | devera | devere |
| vocative | deveru | deveri |
| locative | deveru | deverima |
| instrumental | deverom | deverima |
Spanish
Verb
dever (first-person singular present devo, first-person singular preterite deví, past participle devido)
- obsolete spelling of deber
Conjugation
| infinitive | dever | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | deviendo | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | devido | devida | |||||
| plural | devidos | devidas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | devo | devestú devésvos |
deve | devemos | devéis | deven | |
| imperfect | devía | devías | devía | devíamos | devíais | devían | |
| preterite | deví | deviste | devió | devimos | devisteis | devieron | |
| future | deveré | deverás | deverá | deveremos | deveréis | deverán | |
| conditional | devería | deverías | devería | deveríamos | deveríais | deverían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | deva | devastú devásvos2 |
deva | devamos | deváis | devan | |
| imperfect (ra) |
deviera | devieras | deviera | deviéramos | devierais | devieran | |
| imperfect (se) |
deviese | devieses | deviese | deviésemos | devieseis | deviesen | |
| future1 | deviere | devieres | deviere | deviéremos | deviereis | devieren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
| affirmative | devetú devévos |
deva | devamos | deved | devan | ||
| negative | no devas | no deva | no devamos | no deváis | no devan | ||
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive dever | dative | deverme | deverte | deverle, deverse | devernos | deveros | deverles, deverse |
| accusative | deverme | deverte | deverlo, deverla, deverse | devernos | deveros | deverlos, deverlas, deverse | |
| with gerund deviendo | dative | deviéndome | deviéndote | deviéndole, deviéndose | deviéndonos | deviéndoos | deviéndoles, deviéndose |
| accusative | deviéndome | deviéndote | deviéndolo, deviéndola, deviéndose | deviéndonos | deviéndoos | deviéndolos, deviéndolas, deviéndose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative deve | dative | déveme | dévete | dévele | dévenos | not used | déveles |
| accusative | déveme | dévete | dévelo, dévela | dévenos | not used | dévelos, dévelas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative devé | dative | deveme | devete | devele | devenos | not used | develes |
| accusative | deveme | devete | develo, devela | devenos | not used | develos, develas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative deva | dative | dévame | not used | dévale, dévase | dévanos | not used | dévales |
| accusative | dévame | not used | dévalo, dévala, dévase | dévanos | not used | dévalos, dévalas | |
| with first-person plural imperative devamos | dative | not used | devámoste | devámosle | devámonos | devámoos | devámosles |
| accusative | not used | devámoste | devámoslo, devámosla | devámonos | devámoos | devámoslos, devámoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative deved | dative | devedme | not used | devedle | devednos | deveos | devedles |
| accusative | devedme | not used | devedlo, devedla | devednos | deveos | devedlos, devedlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative devan | dative | dévanme | not used | dévanle | dévannos | not used | dévanles, dévanse |
| accusative | dévanme | not used | dévanlo, dévanla | dévannos | not used | dévanlos, dévanlas, dévanse | |