Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic ضَعُفَ (ḍaʕufa).
Pronunciation
Verb
-dhoofu (infinitive kudhoofu)
- to become feeble, weak
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -dhoofu
|
| Positive present
|
-nadhoofu
|
| Subjunctive
|
-dhoofu
|
| Negative
|
-dhoofu
|
| Imperative singular
|
dhoofu
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
dhoofu
|
| Plural
|
dhoofuni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hudhoofu
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lidhoofu
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kudhoofu
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nadhoofu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninadhoofu/nadhoofu
|
tunadhoofu
|
| 2nd person
|
unadhoofu
|
mnadhoofu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anadhoofu
|
wanadhoofu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nadhoofu
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -dhoofu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sidhoofu
|
hatudhoofu
|
| 2nd person
|
hudhoofu
|
hamdhoofu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hadhoofu
|
hawadhoofu
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -dhoofu
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tadhoofu
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tadhoofu
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -dhoofu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nidhoofu
|
tudhoofu
|
| 2nd person
|
udhoofu
|
mdhoofu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
adhoofu
|
wadhoofu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -dhoofu
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sidhoofu
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngedhoofu
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singedhoofu
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalidhoofu
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalidhoofu
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -adhoofu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nadhoofu
|
twadhoofu
|
| 2nd person
|
wadhoofu
|
mwadhoofu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
adhoofu
|
wadhoofu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wadhoofu
|
yadhoofu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
ladhoofu
|
yadhoofu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chadhoofu
|
vyadhoofu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yadhoofu
|
zadhoofu
|
| u(XI)
|
wadhoofu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwadhoofu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
padhoofu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwadhoofu
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -medhoofu
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshadhoofu
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jadhoofu
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kidhoofu
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipodhoofu
|
| Consecutive
|
kadhoofu / positive subject concord + -kadhoofu
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kadhoofu
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nidhoofu
|
-tudhoofu
|
| 2nd person
|
-kudhoofu
|
-wadhoofu/-kudhoofuni/-wadhoofuni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mdhoofu
|
-wadhoofu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-udhoofu
|
-idhoofu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lidhoofu
|
-yadhoofu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kidhoofu
|
-vidhoofu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-idhoofu
|
-zidhoofu
|
| u(XI)
|
-udhoofu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kudhoofu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-padhoofu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mudhoofu
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jidhoofu
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -dhoofu- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-dhoofuye
|
-dhoofuo
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-dhoofuo
|
-dhoofuyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-dhoofulo
|
-dhoofuyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-dhoofucho
|
-dhoofuvyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-dhoofuyo
|
-dhoofuzo
|
| u(XI)
|
-dhoofuo
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-dhoofuko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-dhoofupo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-dhoofumo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -dhoofu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yedhoofu
|
-odhoofu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-odhoofu
|
-yodhoofu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lodhoofu
|
-yodhoofu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chodhoofu
|
-vyodhoofu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yodhoofu
|
-zodhoofu
|
| u(XI)
|
-odhoofu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kodhoofu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-podhoofu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-modhoofu
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
- dhaifu (“weak, faint, feeble; deficient, junky, shabby”)