Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic [Term?].
Pronunciation
Verb
-dhukuru (infinitive kudhukuru)
- to remember, understand
- to consider
- (Islam) to praise God; to recite a dhikr
- Synonym: -dhikiri
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -dhukuru
|
| Positive present
|
-nadhukuru
|
| Subjunctive
|
-dhukuru
|
| Negative
|
-dhukuru
|
| Imperative singular
|
dhukuru
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
dhukuru
|
| Plural
|
dhukuruni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hudhukuru
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lidhukuru
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kudhukuru
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nadhukuru)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninadhukuru/nadhukuru
|
tunadhukuru
|
| 2nd person
|
unadhukuru
|
mnadhukuru
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anadhukuru
|
wanadhukuru
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nadhukuru
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -dhukuru)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sidhukuru
|
hatudhukuru
|
| 2nd person
|
hudhukuru
|
hamdhukuru
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hadhukuru
|
hawadhukuru
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -dhukuru
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tadhukuru
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tadhukuru
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -dhukuru)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nidhukuru
|
tudhukuru
|
| 2nd person
|
udhukuru
|
mdhukuru
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
adhukuru
|
wadhukuru
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -dhukuru
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sidhukuru
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngedhukuru
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singedhukuru
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalidhukuru
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalidhukuru
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -adhukuru)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nadhukuru
|
twadhukuru
|
| 2nd person
|
wadhukuru
|
mwadhukuru
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
adhukuru
|
wadhukuru
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wadhukuru
|
yadhukuru
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
ladhukuru
|
yadhukuru
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chadhukuru
|
vyadhukuru
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yadhukuru
|
zadhukuru
|
| u(XI)
|
wadhukuru
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwadhukuru
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
padhukuru
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwadhukuru
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -medhukuru
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshadhukuru
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jadhukuru
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kidhukuru
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipodhukuru
|
| Consecutive
|
kadhukuru / positive subject concord + -kadhukuru
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kadhukuru
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nidhukuru
|
-tudhukuru
|
| 2nd person
|
-kudhukuru
|
-wadhukuru/-kudhukuruni/-wadhukuruni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mdhukuru
|
-wadhukuru
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-udhukuru
|
-idhukuru
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lidhukuru
|
-yadhukuru
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kidhukuru
|
-vidhukuru
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-idhukuru
|
-zidhukuru
|
| u(XI)
|
-udhukuru
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kudhukuru
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-padhukuru
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mudhukuru
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jidhukuru
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -dhukuru- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-dhukuruye
|
-dhukuruo
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-dhukuruo
|
-dhukuruyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-dhukurulo
|
-dhukuruyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-dhukurucho
|
-dhukuruvyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-dhukuruyo
|
-dhukuruzo
|
| u(XI)
|
-dhukuruo
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-dhukuruko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-dhukurupo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-dhukurumo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -dhukuru)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yedhukuru
|
-odhukuru
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-odhukuru
|
-yodhukuru
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lodhukuru
|
-yodhukuru
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chodhukuru
|
-vyodhukuru
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yodhukuru
|
-zodhukuru
|
| u(XI)
|
-odhukuru
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kodhukuru
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-podhukuru
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-modhukuru
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms