dlula
Southern Ndebele
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
-dlúla
- to pass
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Xhosa
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
-dlúla
- to pass
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
Zulu
Alternative forms
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
-dlúla
- to pass (by)
- to surpass, to exceed
- to pass, to blow over (of season, disease, etc)
- to pass away, to die
- to persist, to do regardless
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukudlula | ukungadluli | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | dlula | -dlule | ||||
| plural | dlulani | -dluleni | ||||
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyadlula, ngidlula | engidlulayo, engidlula | ngidlula | angidluli | engingadluli | ngingadluli |
| 2nd singular | uyadlula, udlula | odlulayo, odlula | udlula | awudluli | ongadluli | ungadluli |
| 1st plural | siyadlula, sidlula | esidlulayo, esidlula | sidlula | asidluli | esingadluli | singadluli |
| 2nd plural | niyadlula, nidlula | enidlulayo, enidlula | nidlula | anidluli | eningadluli | ningadluli |
| class 1 | uyadlula, udlula | odlulayo, odlula | edlula | akadluli | ongadluli | engadluli |
| class 2 | bayadlula, badlula | abadlulayo, abadlula | bedlula | abadluli | abangadluli | bengadluli |
| class 3 | uyadlula, udlula | odlulayo, odlula | udlula | awudluli | ongadluli | ungadluli |
| class 4 | iyadlula, idlula | edlulayo, edlula | idlula | ayidluli | engadluli | ingadluli |
| class 5 | liyadlula, lidlula | elidlulayo, elidlula | lidlula | alidluli | elingadluli | lingadluli |
| class 6 | ayadlula, adlula | adlulayo, adlula | edlula | awadluli | angadluli | engadluli |
| class 7 | siyadlula, sidlula | esidlulayo, esidlula | sidlula | asidluli | esingadluli | singadluli |
| class 8 | ziyadlula, zidlula | ezidlulayo, ezidlula | zidlula | azidluli | ezingadluli | zingadluli |
| class 9 | iyadlula, idlula | edlulayo, edlula | idlula | ayidluli | engadluli | ingadluli |
| class 10 | ziyadlula, zidlula | ezidlulayo, ezidlula | zidlula | azidluli | ezingadluli | zingadluli |
| class 11 | luyadlula, ludlula | oludlulayo, oludlula | ludlula | aludluli | olungadluli | lungadluli |
| class 14 | buyadlula, budlula | obudlulayo, obudlula | budlula | abudluli | obungadluli | bungadluli |
| class 15 | kuyadlula, kudlula | okudlulayo, okudlula | kudlula | akudluli | okungadluli | kungadluli |
| class 17 | kuyadlula, kudlula | okudlulayo, okudlula | kudlula | akudluli | okungadluli | kungadluli |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngidlulile, ngidlulē | engidlulile, engidlulē | ngidlulile, ngidlulē | angidlulanga | engingadlulanga | ngingadlulanga |
| 2nd singular | udlulile, udlulē | odlulile, odlulē | udlulile, udlulē | awudlulanga | ongadlulanga | ungadlulanga |
| 1st plural | sidlulile, sidlulē | esidlulile, esidlulē | sidlulile, sidlulē | asidlulanga | esingadlulanga | singadlulanga |
| 2nd plural | nidlulile, nidlulē | enidlulile, enidlulē | nidlulile, nidlulē | anidlulanga | eningadlulanga | ningadlulanga |
| class 1 | udlulile, udlulē | odlulile, odlulē | edlulile, edlulē | akadlulanga | ongadlulanga | engadlulanga |
| class 2 | badlulile, badlulē | abadlulile, abadlulē | bedlulile, bedlulē | abadlulanga | abangadlulanga | bengadlulanga |
| class 3 | udlulile, udlulē | odlulile, odlulē | udlulile, udlulē | awudlulanga | ongadlulanga | ungadlulanga |
| class 4 | idlulile, idlulē | edlulile, edlulē | idlulile, idlulē | ayidlulanga | engadlulanga | ingadlulanga |
| class 5 | lidlulile, lidlulē | elidlulile, elidlulē | lidlulile, lidlulē | alidlulanga | elingadlulanga | lingadlulanga |
| class 6 | adlulile, adlulē | adlulile, adlulē | edlulile, edlulē | awadlulanga | angadlulanga | engadlulanga |
| class 7 | sidlulile, sidlulē | esidlulile, esidlulē | sidlulile, sidlulē | asidlulanga | esingadlulanga | singadlulanga |
| class 8 | zidlulile, zidlulē | ezidlulile, ezidlulē | zidlulile, zidlulē | azidlulanga | ezingadlulanga | zingadlulanga |
| class 9 | idlulile, idlulē | edlulile, edlulē | idlulile, idlulē | ayidlulanga | engadlulanga | ingadlulanga |
| class 10 | zidlulile, zidlulē | ezidlulile, ezidlulē | zidlulile, zidlulē | azidlulanga | ezingadlulanga | zingadlulanga |
| class 11 | ludlulile, ludlulē | oludlulile, oludlulē | ludlulile, ludlulē | aludlulanga | olungadlulanga | lungadlulanga |
| class 14 | budlulile, budlulē | obudlulile, obudlulē | budlulile, budlulē | abudlulanga | obungadlulanga | bungadlulanga |
| class 15 | kudlulile, kudlulē | okudlulile, okudlulē | kudlulile, kudlulē | akudlulanga | okungadlulanga | kungadlulanga |
| class 17 | kudlulile, kudlulē | okudlulile, okudlulē | kudlulile, kudlulē | akudlulanga | okungadlulanga | kungadlulanga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngādlula | engādlula | ngādlula | angidlulanga | engingadlulanga | ngingadlulanga |
| 2nd singular | wādlula | owādlula | wādlula | awudlulanga | ongadlulanga | ungadlulanga |
| 1st plural | sādlula | esādlula | sādlula | asidlulanga | esingadlulanga | singadlulanga |
| 2nd plural | nādlula | enādlula | nādlula | anidlulanga | eningadlulanga | ningadlulanga |
| class 1 | wādlula | owādlula | ādlula | akadlulanga | ongadlulanga | engadlulanga |
| class 2 | bādlula | abādlula | bādlula | abadlulanga | abangadlulanga | bengadlulanga |
| class 3 | wādlula | owādlula | wādlula | awudlulanga | ongadlulanga | ungadlulanga |
| class 4 | yādlula | eyādlula | yādlula | ayidlulanga | engadlulanga | ingadlulanga |
| class 5 | lādlula | elādlula | lādlula | alidlulanga | elingadlulanga | lingadlulanga |
| class 6 | ādlula | ādlula | ādlula | awadlulanga | angadlulanga | engadlulanga |
| class 7 | sādlula | esādlula | sādlula | asidlulanga | esingadlulanga | singadlulanga |
| class 8 | zādlula | ezādlula | zādlula | azidlulanga | ezingadlulanga | zingadlulanga |
| class 9 | yādlula | eyādlula | yādlula | ayidlulanga | engadlulanga | ingadlulanga |
| class 10 | zādlula | ezādlula | zādlula | azidlulanga | ezingadlulanga | zingadlulanga |
| class 11 | lwādlula | olwādlula | lwādlula | aludlulanga | olungadlulanga | lungadlulanga |
| class 14 | bādlula | obādlula | bādlula | abudlulanga | obungadlulanga | bungadlulanga |
| class 15 | kwādlula | okwādlula | kwādlula | akudlulanga | okungadlulanga | kungadlulanga |
| class 17 | kwādlula | okwādlula | kwādlula | akudlulanga | okungadlulanga | kungadlulanga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingadlula | — | ngingadlula | ngingedlule | — | ngingedlule |
| 2nd singular | ungadlula | — | ungadlula | ungedlule | — | ungedlule |
| 1st plural | singadlula | — | singadlula | singedlule | — | singedlule |
| 2nd plural | ningadlula | — | ningadlula | ningedlule | — | ningedlule |
| class 1 | angadlula | — | engadlula | angedlule | — | engedlule |
| class 2 | bangadlula | — | bengadlula | bangedlule | — | bengedlule |
| class 3 | ungadlula | — | ungadlula | ungedlule | — | ungedlule |
| class 4 | ingadlula | — | ingadlula | ingedlule | — | ingedlule |
| class 5 | lingadlula | — | lingadlula | lingedlule | — | lingedlule |
| class 6 | angadlula | — | engadlula | angedlule | — | engedlule |
| class 7 | singadlula | — | singadlula | singedlule | — | singedlule |
| class 8 | zingadlula | — | zingadlula | zingedlule | — | zingedlule |
| class 9 | ingadlula | — | ingadlula | ingedlule | — | ingedlule |
| class 10 | zingadlula | — | zingadlula | zingedlule | — | zingedlule |
| class 11 | lungadlula | — | lungadlula | lungedlule | — | lungedlule |
| class 14 | bungadlula | — | bungadlula | bungedlule | — | bungedlule |
| class 15 | kungadlula | — | kungadlula | kungedlule | — | kungedlule |
| class 17 | kungadlula | — | kungadlula | kungedlule | — | kungedlule |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizodlula | engizodlula | ngizodlula | angizudlula | engingezudlula | ngingezudlula |
| 2nd singular | uzodlula | ozodlula | uzodlula | awuzudlula | ongezudlula | ungezudlula |
| 1st plural | sizodlula | esizodlula | sizodlula | asizudlula | esingezudlula | singezudlula |
| 2nd plural | nizodlula | enizodlula | nizodlula | anizudlula | eningezudlula | ningezudlula |
| class 1 | uzodlula | ozodlula | ezodlula | akazudlula | ongezudlula | engezudlula |
| class 2 | bazodlula | abazodlula | bezodlula | abazudlula | abangezudlula | bengezudlula |
| class 3 | uzodlula | ozodlula | uzodlula | awuzudlula | ongezudlula | ungezudlula |
| class 4 | izodlula | ezodlula | izodlula | ayizudlula | engezudlula | ingezudlula |
| class 5 | lizodlula | elizodlula | lizodlula | alizudlula | elingezudlula | lingezudlula |
| class 6 | azodlula | azodlula | ezodlula | awazudlula | angezudlula | engezudlula |
| class 7 | sizodlula | esizodlula | sizodlula | asizudlula | esingezudlula | singezudlula |
| class 8 | zizodlula | ezizodlula | zizodlula | azizudlula | ezingezudlula | zingezudlula |
| class 9 | izodlula | ezodlula | izodlula | ayizudlula | engezudlula | ingezudlula |
| class 10 | zizodlula | ezizodlula | zizodlula | azizudlula | ezingezudlula | zingezudlula |
| class 11 | luzodlula | oluzodlula | luzodlula | aluzudlula | olungezudlula | lungezudlula |
| class 14 | buzodlula | obuzodlula | buzodlula | abuzudlula | obungezudlula | bungezudlula |
| class 15 | kuzodlula | okuzodlula | kuzodlula | akuzudlula | okungezudlula | kungezudlula |
| class 17 | kuzodlula | okuzodlula | kuzodlula | akuzudlula | okungezudlula | kungezudlula |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyodlula | engiyodlula | ngiyodlula | angiyudlula | engingeyudlula | ngingeyudlula |
| 2nd singular | uyodlula | oyodlula | uyodlula | awuyudlula | ongeyudlula | ungeyudlula |
| 1st plural | siyodlula | esiyodlula | siyodlula | asiyudlula | esingeyudlula | singeyudlula |
| 2nd plural | niyodlula | eniyodlula | niyodlula | aniyudlula | eningeyudlula | ningeyudlula |
| class 1 | uyodlula | oyodlula | eyodlula | akayudlula | ongeyudlula | engeyudlula |
| class 2 | bayodlula | abayodlula | beyodlula | abayudlula | abangeyudlula | bengeyudlula |
| class 3 | uyodlula | oyodlula | uyodlula | awuyudlula | ongeyudlula | ungeyudlula |
| class 4 | iyodlula | eyodlula | iyodlula | ayiyudlula | engeyudlula | ingeyudlula |
| class 5 | liyodlula | eliyodlula | liyodlula | aliyudlula | elingeyudlula | lingeyudlula |
| class 6 | ayodlula | ayodlula | eyodlula | awayudlula | angeyudlula | engeyudlula |
| class 7 | siyodlula | esiyodlula | siyodlula | asiyudlula | esingeyudlula | singeyudlula |
| class 8 | ziyodlula | eziyodlula | ziyodlula | aziyudlula | ezingeyudlula | zingeyudlula |
| class 9 | iyodlula | eyodlula | iyodlula | ayiyudlula | engeyudlula | ingeyudlula |
| class 10 | ziyodlula | eziyodlula | ziyodlula | aziyudlula | ezingeyudlula | zingeyudlula |
| class 11 | luyodlula | oluyodlula | luyodlula | aluyudlula | olungeyudlula | lungeyudlula |
| class 14 | buyodlula | obuyodlula | buyodlula | abuyudlula | obungeyudlula | bungeyudlula |
| class 15 | kuyodlula | okuyodlula | kuyodlula | akuyudlula | okungeyudlula | kungeyudlula |
| class 17 | kuyodlula | okuyodlula | kuyodlula | akuyudlula | okungeyudlula | kungeyudlula |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngidlule | ngingadluli | ||||
| 2nd singular | udlule | ungadluli | ||||
| 1st plural | sidlule | singadluli | ||||
| 2nd plural | nidlule | ningadluli | ||||
| class 1 | adlule | angadluli | ||||
| class 2 | badlule | bangadluli | ||||
| class 3 | udlule | ungadluli | ||||
| class 4 | idlule | ingadluli | ||||
| class 5 | lidlule | lingadluli | ||||
| class 6 | adlule | angadluli | ||||
| class 7 | sidlule | singadluli | ||||
| class 8 | zidlule | zingadluli | ||||
| class 9 | idlule | ingadluli | ||||
| class 10 | zidlule | zingadluli | ||||
| class 11 | ludlule | lungadluli | ||||
| class 14 | budlule | bungadluli | ||||
| class 15 | kudlule | kungadluli | ||||
| class 17 | kudlule | kungadluli | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngadlula | ngangadlula, angadlula, angangadlula | ||||
| 2nd singular | wadlula | wangadlula, awadlula, awangadlula | ||||
| 1st plural | sadlula | sangadlula, asadlula, asangadlula | ||||
| 2nd plural | nadlula | nangadlula, anadlula, anangadlula | ||||
| class 1 | wadlula | wangadlula, akadlula, akangadlula | ||||
| class 2 | badlula | bangadlula, abadlula, abangadlula | ||||
| class 3 | wadlula | wangadlula, awadlula, awangadlula | ||||
| class 4 | yadlula | yangadlula, ayadlula, ayangadlula | ||||
| class 5 | ladlula | langadlula, aladlula, alangadlula | ||||
| class 6 | adlula | angadlula, awadlula, awangadlula | ||||
| class 7 | sadlula | sangadlula, asadlula, asangadlula | ||||
| class 8 | zadlula | zangadlula, azadlula, azangadlula | ||||
| class 9 | yadlula | yangadlula, ayadlula, ayangadlula | ||||
| class 10 | zadlula | zangadlula, azadlula, azangadlula | ||||
| class 11 | lwadlula | lwangadlula, alwadlula, alwangadlula | ||||
| class 14 | badlula | bangadlula, abadlula, abangadlula | ||||
| class 15 | kwadlula | kwangadlula, akwadlula, akwangadlula | ||||
| class 17 | kwadlula | kwangadlula, akwadlula, akwangadlula | ||||
Derived terms
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “dlula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “dlula (6-3.9)”