dreigen
Dutch
Alternative forms
- dreighen (obsolete)
- dreijgen (obsolete)
- dreijghen (obsolete)
- dreygen (obsolete)
- dreyghen (obsolete)
Etymology
From Middle Dutch dreigen, from Old Dutch *threigen, of unclear origin. According to Pokorny, related to Proto-Germanic *þrinhwaną (“to force, push”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdrɛi̯ɣə(n)/
Audio: (file) - Hyphenation: drei‧gen
- Rhymes: -ɛi̯ɣən
Verb
dreigen
Conjugation
| Conjugation of dreigen (weak) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | dreigen | |||
| past singular | dreigde | |||
| past participle | gedreigd | |||
| infinitive | dreigen | |||
| gerund | dreigen n | |||
| present tense | past tense | |||
| 1st person singular | dreig | dreigde | ||
| 2nd person sing. (jij) | dreigt, dreig2 | dreigde | ||
| 2nd person sing. (u) | dreigt | dreigde | ||
| 2nd person sing. (gij) | dreigt | dreigde | ||
| 3rd person singular | dreigt | dreigde | ||
| plural | dreigen | dreigden | ||
| subjunctive sing.1 | dreige | dreigde | ||
| subjunctive plur.1 | dreigen | dreigden | ||
| imperative sing. | dreig | |||
| imperative plur.1 | dreigt | |||
| participles | dreigend | gedreigd | ||
| 1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. | ||||
Derived terms
- bedreigen
- dreigbrief
- dreigcultuur
- dreigement
- dreiger
- dreiging
- dreigmail
- dreigtaal
- dreigtelefoon
- dreigwoord
- gedreig
Descendants
- Afrikaans: dreig
- Negerhollands: dreeg, dreig
- → Aukan: deleigi
- → Papiamentu: dreige (dated)
- → Sranan Tongo: dreigi
- → Caribbean Javanese: drégi
References
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “trenk”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1093
Anagrams
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch *threigen, of unclear origin.
Verb
dreigen
- to threaten, to intimidate
- to warn
Inflection
| infinitive | base form | dreigen | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| genitive | dreigens | ||||||
| dative | dreigene | ||||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||||
| present | past | present | past | ||||
| 1st person singular | dreige | — | dreige | — | |||
| 2nd person singular | dreichs, dreiges | — | dreichs, dreiges | — | |||
| 3rd person singular | dreicht, dreiget | — | dreige | — | |||
| 1st person plural | dreigen | — | dreigen | — | |||
| 2nd person plural | dreicht, dreiget | — | dreicht, dreiget | — | |||
| 3rd person plural | dreigen | — | dreigen | — | |||
| imperative | |||||||
| singular | dreich, dreige | ||||||
| plural | dreicht, dreiget | ||||||
| present | past | ||||||
| participle | dreigende | — | |||||
Alternative forms
Descendants
- Dutch: dreigen
- Limburgish: drèège
Further reading
- “dreighen (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “dreigen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN