dumala
Cebuano
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: du‧ma‧la
- IPA(key): /duˈmala/ [d̪ʊˈma.l̪ɐ]
Verb
dumala
- to administer; to manage
Derived terms
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈdumala]
Participle
dumala
- inflection of dumat:
- feminine singular past active participle
- neuter plural past active participle
Zulu
Verb
-dumála
- (intransitive) to become disappointed
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukudumala | ukungadumali | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | dumala | -dumale | ||||
| plural | dumalani | -dumaleni | ||||
| stative | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngidumele | engidumele | ngidumele | angidumele | engingadumele | ngingadumele |
| 2nd singular | udumele | odumele | udumele | awudumele | ongadumele | ungadumele |
| 1st plural | sidumele | esidumele | sidumele | asidumele | esingadumele | singadumele |
| 2nd plural | nidumele | enidumele | nidumele | anidumele | eningadumele | ningadumele |
| class 1 | udumele | odumele | edumele | akadumele | ongadumele | engadumele |
| class 2 | badumele | abadumele | bedumele | abadumele | abangadumele | bengadumele |
| class 3 | udumele | odumele | udumele | awudumele | ongadumele | ongadumele |
| class 4 | idumele | edumele | idumele | ayidumele | engadumele | ingadumele |
| class 5 | lidumele | elidumele | lidumele | alidumele | elingadumele | lingadumele |
| class 6 | adumele | adumele | edumele | awadumele | angadumele | engadumele |
| class 7 | sidumele | esidumele | sidumele | asidumele | esingadumele | singadumele |
| class 8 | zidumele | ezidumele | zidumele | azidumele | ezingadumele | zingadumele |
| class 9 | idumele | edumele | idumele | ayidumele | engadumele | ingadumele |
| class 10 | zidumele | ezidumele | zidumele | azidumele | ezingadumele | zingadumele |
| class 11 | ludumele | oludumele | ludumele | aludumele | olungadumele | lungadumele |
| class 14 | budumele | obudumele | budumele | abudumele | obungadumele | bungadumele |
| class 15 | kudumele | okudumele | kudumele | akudumele | okungadumele | kungadumele |
| class 17 | kudumele | okudumele | kudumele | akudumele | okungadumele | kungadumele |
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyadumala, ngidumala | engidumalayo, engidumala | ngidumala | angidumali | engingadumali | ngingadumali |
| 2nd singular | uyadumala, udumala | odumalayo, odumala | udumala | awudumali | ongadumali | ungadumali |
| 1st plural | siyadumala, sidumala | esidumalayo, esidumala | sidumala | asidumali | esingadumali | singadumali |
| 2nd plural | niyadumala, nidumala | enidumalayo, enidumala | nidumala | anidumali | eningadumali | ningadumali |
| class 1 | uyadumala, udumala | odumalayo, odumala | edumala | akadumali | ongadumali | engadumali |
| class 2 | bayadumala, badumala | abadumalayo, abadumala | bedumala | abadumali | abangadumali | bengadumali |
| class 3 | uyadumala, udumala | odumalayo, odumala | udumala | awudumali | ongadumali | ungadumali |
| class 4 | iyadumala, idumala | edumalayo, edumala | idumala | ayidumali | engadumali | ingadumali |
| class 5 | liyadumala, lidumala | elidumalayo, elidumala | lidumala | alidumali | elingadumali | lingadumali |
| class 6 | ayadumala, adumala | adumalayo, adumala | edumala | awadumali | angadumali | engadumali |
| class 7 | siyadumala, sidumala | esidumalayo, esidumala | sidumala | asidumali | esingadumali | singadumali |
| class 8 | ziyadumala, zidumala | ezidumalayo, ezidumala | zidumala | azidumali | ezingadumali | zingadumali |
| class 9 | iyadumala, idumala | edumalayo, edumala | idumala | ayidumali | engadumali | ingadumali |
| class 10 | ziyadumala, zidumala | ezidumalayo, ezidumala | zidumala | azidumali | ezingadumali | zingadumali |
| class 11 | luyadumala, ludumala | oludumalayo, oludumala | ludumala | aludumali | olungadumali | lungadumali |
| class 14 | buyadumala, budumala | obudumalayo, obudumala | budumala | abudumali | obungadumali | bungadumali |
| class 15 | kuyadumala, kudumala | okudumalayo, okudumala | kudumala | akudumali | okungadumali | kungadumali |
| class 17 | kuyadumala, kudumala | okudumalayo, okudumala | kudumala | akudumali | okungadumali | kungadumali |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngidumalile, ngidumalē | engidumalile, engidumalē | ngidumalile, ngidumalē | angidumalanga | engingadumalanga | ngingadumalanga |
| 2nd singular | udumalile, udumalē | odumalile, odumalē | udumalile, udumalē | awudumalanga | ongadumalanga | ungadumalanga |
| 1st plural | sidumalile, sidumalē | esidumalile, esidumalē | sidumalile, sidumalē | asidumalanga | esingadumalanga | singadumalanga |
| 2nd plural | nidumalile, nidumalē | enidumalile, enidumalē | nidumalile, nidumalē | anidumalanga | eningadumalanga | ningadumalanga |
| class 1 | udumalile, udumalē | odumalile, odumalē | edumalile, edumalē | akadumalanga | ongadumalanga | engadumalanga |
| class 2 | badumalile, badumalē | abadumalile, abadumalē | bedumalile, bedumalē | abadumalanga | abangadumalanga | bengadumalanga |
| class 3 | udumalile, udumalē | odumalile, odumalē | udumalile, udumalē | awudumalanga | ongadumalanga | ungadumalanga |
| class 4 | idumalile, idumalē | edumalile, edumalē | idumalile, idumalē | ayidumalanga | engadumalanga | ingadumalanga |
| class 5 | lidumalile, lidumalē | elidumalile, elidumalē | lidumalile, lidumalē | alidumalanga | elingadumalanga | lingadumalanga |
| class 6 | adumalile, adumalē | adumalile, adumalē | edumalile, edumalē | awadumalanga | angadumalanga | engadumalanga |
| class 7 | sidumalile, sidumalē | esidumalile, esidumalē | sidumalile, sidumalē | asidumalanga | esingadumalanga | singadumalanga |
| class 8 | zidumalile, zidumalē | ezidumalile, ezidumalē | zidumalile, zidumalē | azidumalanga | ezingadumalanga | zingadumalanga |
| class 9 | idumalile, idumalē | edumalile, edumalē | idumalile, idumalē | ayidumalanga | engadumalanga | ingadumalanga |
| class 10 | zidumalile, zidumalē | ezidumalile, ezidumalē | zidumalile, zidumalē | azidumalanga | ezingadumalanga | zingadumalanga |
| class 11 | ludumalile, ludumalē | oludumalile, oludumalē | ludumalile, ludumalē | aludumalanga | olungadumalanga | lungadumalanga |
| class 14 | budumalile, budumalē | obudumalile, obudumalē | budumalile, budumalē | abudumalanga | obungadumalanga | bungadumalanga |
| class 15 | kudumalile, kudumalē | okudumalile, okudumalē | kudumalile, kudumalē | akudumalanga | okungadumalanga | kungadumalanga |
| class 17 | kudumalile, kudumalē | okudumalile, okudumalē | kudumalile, kudumalē | akudumalanga | okungadumalanga | kungadumalanga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngādumala | engādumala | ngādumala | angidumalanga | engingadumalanga | ngingadumalanga |
| 2nd singular | wādumala | owādumala | wādumala | awudumalanga | ongadumalanga | ungadumalanga |
| 1st plural | sādumala | esādumala | sādumala | asidumalanga | esingadumalanga | singadumalanga |
| 2nd plural | nādumala | enādumala | nādumala | anidumalanga | eningadumalanga | ningadumalanga |
| class 1 | wādumala | owādumala | ādumala | akadumalanga | ongadumalanga | engadumalanga |
| class 2 | bādumala | abādumala | bādumala | abadumalanga | abangadumalanga | bengadumalanga |
| class 3 | wādumala | owādumala | wādumala | awudumalanga | ongadumalanga | ungadumalanga |
| class 4 | yādumala | eyādumala | yādumala | ayidumalanga | engadumalanga | ingadumalanga |
| class 5 | lādumala | elādumala | lādumala | alidumalanga | elingadumalanga | lingadumalanga |
| class 6 | ādumala | ādumala | ādumala | awadumalanga | angadumalanga | engadumalanga |
| class 7 | sādumala | esādumala | sādumala | asidumalanga | esingadumalanga | singadumalanga |
| class 8 | zādumala | ezādumala | zādumala | azidumalanga | ezingadumalanga | zingadumalanga |
| class 9 | yādumala | eyādumala | yādumala | ayidumalanga | engadumalanga | ingadumalanga |
| class 10 | zādumala | ezādumala | zādumala | azidumalanga | ezingadumalanga | zingadumalanga |
| class 11 | lwādumala | olwādumala | lwādumala | aludumalanga | olungadumalanga | lungadumalanga |
| class 14 | bādumala | obādumala | bādumala | abudumalanga | obungadumalanga | bungadumalanga |
| class 15 | kwādumala | okwādumala | kwādumala | akudumalanga | okungadumalanga | kungadumalanga |
| class 17 | kwādumala | okwādumala | kwādumala | akudumalanga | okungadumalanga | kungadumalanga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingadumala | — | ngingadumala | ngingedumale | — | ngingedumale |
| 2nd singular | ungadumala | — | ungadumala | ungedumale | — | ungedumale |
| 1st plural | singadumala | — | singadumala | singedumale | — | singedumale |
| 2nd plural | ningadumala | — | ningadumala | ningedumale | — | ningedumale |
| class 1 | angadumala | — | engadumala | angedumale | — | engedumale |
| class 2 | bangadumala | — | bengadumala | bangedumale | — | bengedumale |
| class 3 | ungadumala | — | ungadumala | ungedumale | — | ungedumale |
| class 4 | ingadumala | — | ingadumala | ingedumale | — | ingedumale |
| class 5 | lingadumala | — | lingadumala | lingedumale | — | lingedumale |
| class 6 | angadumala | — | engadumala | angedumale | — | engedumale |
| class 7 | singadumala | — | singadumala | singedumale | — | singedumale |
| class 8 | zingadumala | — | zingadumala | zingedumale | — | zingedumale |
| class 9 | ingadumala | — | ingadumala | ingedumale | — | ingedumale |
| class 10 | zingadumala | — | zingadumala | zingedumale | — | zingedumale |
| class 11 | lungadumala | — | lungadumala | lungedumale | — | lungedumale |
| class 14 | bungadumala | — | bungadumala | bungedumale | — | bungedumale |
| class 15 | kungadumala | — | kungadumala | kungedumale | — | kungedumale |
| class 17 | kungadumala | — | kungadumala | kungedumale | — | kungedumale |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizodumala | engizodumala | ngizodumala | angizudumala | engingezudumala | ngingezudumala |
| 2nd singular | uzodumala | ozodumala | uzodumala | awuzudumala | ongezudumala | ungezudumala |
| 1st plural | sizodumala | esizodumala | sizodumala | asizudumala | esingezudumala | singezudumala |
| 2nd plural | nizodumala | enizodumala | nizodumala | anizudumala | eningezudumala | ningezudumala |
| class 1 | uzodumala | ozodumala | ezodumala | akazudumala | ongezudumala | engezudumala |
| class 2 | bazodumala | abazodumala | bezodumala | abazudumala | abangezudumala | bengezudumala |
| class 3 | uzodumala | ozodumala | uzodumala | awuzudumala | ongezudumala | ungezudumala |
| class 4 | izodumala | ezodumala | izodumala | ayizudumala | engezudumala | ingezudumala |
| class 5 | lizodumala | elizodumala | lizodumala | alizudumala | elingezudumala | lingezudumala |
| class 6 | azodumala | azodumala | ezodumala | awazudumala | angezudumala | engezudumala |
| class 7 | sizodumala | esizodumala | sizodumala | asizudumala | esingezudumala | singezudumala |
| class 8 | zizodumala | ezizodumala | zizodumala | azizudumala | ezingezudumala | zingezudumala |
| class 9 | izodumala | ezodumala | izodumala | ayizudumala | engezudumala | ingezudumala |
| class 10 | zizodumala | ezizodumala | zizodumala | azizudumala | ezingezudumala | zingezudumala |
| class 11 | luzodumala | oluzodumala | luzodumala | aluzudumala | olungezudumala | lungezudumala |
| class 14 | buzodumala | obuzodumala | buzodumala | abuzudumala | obungezudumala | bungezudumala |
| class 15 | kuzodumala | okuzodumala | kuzodumala | akuzudumala | okungezudumala | kungezudumala |
| class 17 | kuzodumala | okuzodumala | kuzodumala | akuzudumala | okungezudumala | kungezudumala |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyodumala | engiyodumala | ngiyodumala | angiyudumala | engingeyudumala | ngingeyudumala |
| 2nd singular | uyodumala | oyodumala | uyodumala | awuyudumala | ongeyudumala | ungeyudumala |
| 1st plural | siyodumala | esiyodumala | siyodumala | asiyudumala | esingeyudumala | singeyudumala |
| 2nd plural | niyodumala | eniyodumala | niyodumala | aniyudumala | eningeyudumala | ningeyudumala |
| class 1 | uyodumala | oyodumala | eyodumala | akayudumala | ongeyudumala | engeyudumala |
| class 2 | bayodumala | abayodumala | beyodumala | abayudumala | abangeyudumala | bengeyudumala |
| class 3 | uyodumala | oyodumala | uyodumala | awuyudumala | ongeyudumala | ungeyudumala |
| class 4 | iyodumala | eyodumala | iyodumala | ayiyudumala | engeyudumala | ingeyudumala |
| class 5 | liyodumala | eliyodumala | liyodumala | aliyudumala | elingeyudumala | lingeyudumala |
| class 6 | ayodumala | ayodumala | eyodumala | awayudumala | angeyudumala | engeyudumala |
| class 7 | siyodumala | esiyodumala | siyodumala | asiyudumala | esingeyudumala | singeyudumala |
| class 8 | ziyodumala | eziyodumala | ziyodumala | aziyudumala | ezingeyudumala | zingeyudumala |
| class 9 | iyodumala | eyodumala | iyodumala | ayiyudumala | engeyudumala | ingeyudumala |
| class 10 | ziyodumala | eziyodumala | ziyodumala | aziyudumala | ezingeyudumala | zingeyudumala |
| class 11 | luyodumala | oluyodumala | luyodumala | aluyudumala | olungeyudumala | lungeyudumala |
| class 14 | buyodumala | obuyodumala | buyodumala | abuyudumala | obungeyudumala | bungeyudumala |
| class 15 | kuyodumala | okuyodumala | kuyodumala | akuyudumala | okungeyudumala | kungeyudumala |
| class 17 | kuyodumala | okuyodumala | kuyodumala | akuyudumala | okungeyudumala | kungeyudumala |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngidumale | ngingadumali | ||||
| 2nd singular | udumale | ungadumali | ||||
| 1st plural | sidumale | singadumali | ||||
| 2nd plural | nidumale | ningadumali | ||||
| class 1 | adumale | angadumali | ||||
| class 2 | badumale | bangadumali | ||||
| class 3 | udumale | ungadumali | ||||
| class 4 | idumale | ingadumali | ||||
| class 5 | lidumale | lingadumali | ||||
| class 6 | adumale | angadumali | ||||
| class 7 | sidumale | singadumali | ||||
| class 8 | zidumale | zingadumali | ||||
| class 9 | idumale | ingadumali | ||||
| class 10 | zidumale | zingadumali | ||||
| class 11 | ludumale | lungadumali | ||||
| class 14 | budumale | bungadumali | ||||
| class 15 | kudumale | kungadumali | ||||
| class 17 | kudumale | kungadumali | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngadumala | ngangadumala, angadumala, angangadumala | ||||
| 2nd singular | wadumala | wangadumala, awadumala, awangadumala | ||||
| 1st plural | sadumala | sangadumala, asadumala, asangadumala | ||||
| 2nd plural | nadumala | nangadumala, anadumala, anangadumala | ||||
| class 1 | wadumala | wangadumala, akadumala, akangadumala | ||||
| class 2 | badumala | bangadumala, abadumala, abangadumala | ||||
| class 3 | wadumala | wangadumala, awadumala, awangadumala | ||||
| class 4 | yadumala | yangadumala, ayadumala, ayangadumala | ||||
| class 5 | ladumala | langadumala, aladumala, alangadumala | ||||
| class 6 | adumala | angadumala, awadumala, awangadumala | ||||
| class 7 | sadumala | sangadumala, asadumala, asangadumala | ||||
| class 8 | zadumala | zangadumala, azadumala, azangadumala | ||||
| class 9 | yadumala | yangadumala, ayadumala, ayangadumala | ||||
| class 10 | zadumala | zangadumala, azadumala, azangadumala | ||||
| class 11 | lwadumala | lwangadumala, alwadumala, alwangadumala | ||||
| class 14 | badumala | bangadumala, abadumala, abangadumala | ||||
| class 15 | kwadumala | kwangadumala, akwadumala, akwangadumala | ||||
| class 17 | kwadumala | kwangadumala, akwadumala, akwangadumala | ||||
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “dumala”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “dumala (3.2.9)”